| 1. |
- Carlsson, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
-
The Modern Double-Poling Technique Is Not More Energy Efficient Than the Old-Fashioned Double-Poling Technique at a Submaximal Work Intensity
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Sports and Active Living. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2624-9367. ; 4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the study was to investigate whether there are energy-efficiency differences between the execution of the old-fashioned double-poling technique (DPOLD) and the modern double-poling technique (DPMOD) at a submaximal work intensity among elite male cross-country skiers. Fifteen elite male cross-country skiers completed two 4-min tests at a constant mechanical work rate (MWR) using the DPMOD and DPOLD. During the last minute of each test, the mean oxygen uptake (VO2) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were analyzed, from which the metabolic rate (MR) and gross efficiency (GE) were calculated. In addition, the difference between pretest and posttest blood-lactate concentrations (BLadiff) was determined. For each technique, skiers’ joint angles (i.e., heel, ankle, knee, hip, shoulder, and elbow) were analyzed at the highest and lowest positions during the double-poling cycle. Paired-samples t-tests were used to investigate differences between DPMOD and DPOLD outcomes. There were no significant differences in either VO2mean, MR, GE, or BLadiff (all P > 0.05) between the DPMOD and DPOLD tests. DPMOD execution was associated with a higher RER (P < 0.05). Significant technique-specific differences were found in either the highest and/or the lowest position for all six analyzed joint angles (all P < 0.001). Hence, despite decades of double-poling technique development, which is reflected in the significant biomechanical differences between DPOLD and DPMOD execution, at submaximal work intensity, the modern technique is not more energy efficient than the old-fashioned technique.
|
|
| 2. |
- Hjort, Rebecka, et al.
(författare)
-
Physical Activity, Genetic Susceptibility, and the Risk of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults and Type 2 Diabetes
- 2020
-
Ingår i: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7197 .- 0021-972X. ; 105:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Physical activity (PA) has been linked to a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes by reducing weight and improving insulin sensitivity. We investigated whether PA is associated with a lower incidence of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and whether the association is modified by genotypes of human leukocyte antigen (HLA), transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2)-rs7903146, or the fat mass and obesity-associated gene, FTO-rs9939609. METHODS: We combined data from a Swedish case-control study and a Norwegian prospective study including 621 incident cases of LADA and 3596 cases of type 2 diabetes. We estimated adjusted pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% CI of diabetes in relation to high (≥ 30 minutes of moderate activity 3 times/week) self-reported leisure time PA, compared to sedentariness. RESULTS: High PA was associated with a reduced risk of LADA (RR 0.61; CI, 0.43-0.86), which was attenuated after adjustment for body mass index (BMI) (RR 0.90; CI, 0.63-1.29). The reduced risk applied only to noncarriers of HLA-DQB1 and -DRB1 (RR 0.49; CI, 0.33-0.72), TCF7L2 (RR 0.62; CI, 0.45-0.87), and FTO (RR 0.51; CI, 0.32-0.79) risk genotypes. Adjustment for BMI attenuated but did not eliminate these associations. For type 2 diabetes, there was an inverse association with PA (RR 0.49; CI, 0.42-0.56), irrespective of genotype. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that high PA is associated with a reduced risk of LADA in individuals without genetic susceptibility.
|
|
| 3. |
- Högman, Marieann, et al.
(författare)
-
Differences in nitric oxide airway diffusion after maximum oxygen uptake test in asthmatic and nonasthmatic elite junior cross-country skiers
- 2021
-
Ingår i: ERJ Open Research. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 2312-0541. ; 7:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Asthma is common in cross-country skiers and is often treated with ß2-agonists and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). Exhaled nitric oxide is often used to guide ICS treatment in asthma. This study investigated the change in the pulmonary NO dynamics before and after a maximum oxygen uptake (V̇O2-max) test.An extended NO analysis was performed among Swedish elite junior cross-country skiers (n=25), with and without declared asthma, before and after a V̇O2-max test using roller skis. Asthma was declared by six boys and two girls among whom five occasionally used ICS.There were no differences in the baseline NO parameters between those with and without declared asthma. The diffusion capacity over airway wall (DawNO) was 21 (17,25) mL·s−1 (median, quartiles), which is much increased for this age group. After the V̇O2-max test, there were statistically significant differences from the baseline fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO50), NO-flux from airways, DawNO and alveolar NO values; but not in the NO content in airway wall (CawNO) for all subjects together as one group. However, in the asthma group, differences were only seen in the FENO50 and in CawNO.Interestingly, a majority of the subjects had an increase in the DawNO. An increase in DawNO has been found with allergic asthma together with elevated CawNO. The skiers did not have elevated CawNO, which indicates an absence of inflammation in the airway wall. Modelling of lung NO production clearly shows that the asthma among our skiers is distinct from the allergic asthma in non-athletes.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Högman, Marieann, et al.
(författare)
-
Skiers with or without asthma have increased airway diffusion rate of NO from the airways : Konferensbidrag, Muntlig presentation med publicerat abstract (Refereegranskat)
- 2020
-
Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society. - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 56:suppl 64
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exercise induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is common in skiers and often treated with β2-agonists and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). We examined 25 elite junior cross-country skiers (17 boys and 8 girls, age 18±1 y) pre and post a V̇O2max test to see how NO parameters of the lung changed. A health declaration was filled in and 6 boys and 2 girls declared that they had asthma diagnosed by a physician, whereas 5 of them were on ICS treatment. NO analysis was done with multiple flows (Högman-Meriläinen algorithm) before and within 10 min after the V̇O2max test. FENO50 was at rest 17 (11, 24) ppb (median, quartiles). CANO was 1.5 (1.1, 1.9) ppb, JawNO 0.75 (0.56, 1.55) nL/s, and CawNO 51 (26, 63) ppb. DawNO was 21 (17,25) mL/s, with only three skiers with values in the range of upper and lower quartiles for reference values. There were no differences in NO parameters between those declaring or not declaring asthma. After the V̇O2max test FENO50 decreased by 5 (3, 8) ppb (p<0.001), JawNO with 0.27 (0.15, 0.49) nL/s (p<0.001), CawNO with 6 (-14, 20) ppb (ns), DawNO with 4 (-3, 14) mL/s (p=0.032), while CANO increased by 0.6 (0.1, 1.2) ppb (p=0.006). Interestingly, the majority of participants had an increase in DawNO. An increase in DawNO has been found in allergic asthma together with elevated CawNO. The skiers did not have elevated CawNO, which indicate an absence of inflammation in the airway wall. Should they withhold ICS, since it does not affect DawNO? Modelling of lung NO production clearly shows that the EIB is distinct from allergic asthma.CANO=alveolar NO, JawNO=NO-flux from airways, CawNO=NO content in airway wall, DawNO=diffusion capacity over airway wall
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Lundin Frisk, Emrik, 1994, et al.
(författare)
-
The geosystem services concept – What is it and can it support subsurface planning?
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Ecosystem Services. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-0416. ; 58
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The subsurface is a multifunctional natural resource. However, a mindset of “out of sight, out of mind” and a first-come-first-served principle are prevalent when accessing these resources, compromising fair intergenerational and intragenerational distribution and sustainable development. As with the ecosystem services (ES) concept, which acknowledges the contribution of the living part of nature to human well-being, the concept of geosystem services (GS) has been suggested as a way to highlight abiotic services and services provided by the subsurface. The overall aim of this study was to review current definitions of GS and their categorisation, and to suggest how the concept of GS can support subsurface planning. A systematic literature review on GS was carried out following the PRISMA protocol drawing from the Scopus database. The emerging picture from the reviewed articles is that the GS concept is both one of novelty and one currently showing inconsistency, with two prominent definitions: A) GS are abiotic services that are the direct result of the planet's geodiversity, independent of the interactions with biotic nature – there is no differentiation between suprasurface and subsurface features, and B) GS provide benefits specifically resulting from the subsurface. Thirty-one out of thirty-nine GS listed in the reviewed literature are included in the abiotic extension of the common ES framework CICES v5.1, but some essential services are omitted. A unified definition of GS is desirable to build a common framework for classifying and describing GS, potentially following the CICES structure for ES. Such a framework can support systematic inclusion of GS in planning processes and contribute to improved subsurface planning. In planning practice, there are examples of important GS that are already included under the ES umbrella because planners are aware of their importance but a comprehensive framework to handle these services is lacking.
|
|
| 8. |
- Norström, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Is mass screening for coeliac disease a wise use of resources? A health economic evaluation
- 2021
-
Ingår i: BMC Gastroenterology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-230X. ; 21:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Living with undiagnosed symptomatic coeliac disease is connected with deteriorated health, and persons with coeliac disease often wait a long time for their diagnosis. A mass screening would lower the delay, but its cost-effectiveness is still unclear. Our aim was to determine the cost-effectiveness of a coeliac disease mass screening at 12 years of age, taking a life course perspective on future benefits and drawbacks. Methods: The cost-effectiveness was derived as cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) using a Markov model. As a basis for our assumptions, we mainly used information from the Exploring the Iceberg of Celiacs in Sweden (ETICS) study, a school-based screening conducted in 2005/2006 and 2009/2010, where 13,279 12-year-old children participated and 240 were diagnosed with coeliac disease, and a study involving members of the Swedish Coeliac Association with 1031 adult participants. Results: The cost for coeliac disease screening was 40,105 Euro per gained QALY. Sensitivity analyses support screening based on high compliance to a gluten-free diet, rapid progression from symptom-free coeliac disease to coeliac disease with symptoms, long delay from celiac disease with symptoms to diagnosis, and a low QALY score for undiagnosed coeliac disease cases. Conclusions: A coeliac disease mass screening is cost-effective based on the commonly used threshold of 50,000 Euro per gained QALY. However, this is based on many assumptions, especially regarding the natural history of coeliac disease and the effects on long-term health for individuals with coeliac disease still eating gluten.
|
|
| 9. |
- Ahlberg, Ernst, et al.
(författare)
-
On the selection of relevant historical demand data for revenue management applied to transportation
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management. - : Springer. - 1476-6930 .- 1477-657X. ; 22:4, s. 266-275
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The success of revenue management models depends to a large extent on the quality of historical data used to forecast future bookings. Several theoretical models and best practices of handing historical data have been developed over the years, that all rely on assumptions about underlying distribution and seasonality in the historical data. In this paper, we describe a novel method that compares the fingerprints of the departure to optimise and selects historical departures without making assumptions on data distribution or seasonality. By evaluating the method at the departure level and using the Nemenyi rank test, we show the method’s application in the ferry transportation business and discuss its advantages.
|
|
| 10. |
- Alkmark, Mårten, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
Efficacy and safety of oral misoprostol versus transvaginal balloon catheter for labor induction: An observational study within the SWEdish Postterm Induction Study (SWEPIS)
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 100:8, s. 1463-1477
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Induction of labor is increasing. A common indication for induction of labor is late term and postterm pregnancy at 41 weeks or more. We aimed to evaluate if there are any differences regarding efficacy, safety, and women's childbirth experience between oral misoprostol and transvaginal balloon catheter for cervical ripening in women with a low-risk singleton pregnancy and induction of labor at 41(+0) to 42(+0 to 1) weeks of gestation. Material and methods In this observational study, based on data from the Swedish Postterm Induction Study (SWEPIS), a multicenter randomized controlled trial, a total of 1213 women with a low-risk singleton pregnancy at 41 to 42 weeks of gestation were induced with oral misoprostol (n = 744) or transvaginal balloon catheter (n = 469) at 15 Swedish delivery hospitals. The primary efficacy outcome was vaginal delivery within 24 h and primary safety outcomes were neonatal and maternal composite adverse outcomes. Secondary outcomes included time to vaginal delivery and mode of delivery. Women's childbirth experience was assessed with the Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ 2.0) and visual analog scale. We present crude and adjusted mean differences and relative risks (RR) with 95% CI. Adjustment was performed for a propensity score based on delivery hospital and baseline characteristics including Bishop score. Results Vaginal delivery within 24 h was significantly lower in the misoprostol group compared with the balloon catheter group (46.5% [346/744] versus 62.7% [294/469]; adjusted RR 0.76 95% CI 0.640.89]). Primary neonatal and maternal safety outcomes did not differ between groups (neonatal composite 3.5% [36/744] vs 3.2% [15/469]; adjusted RR 0.77 [95% CI 0.31-1.89]; maternal composite 2.3% [17/744] versus 1.9% [9/469]; adjusted RR 1.70 [95% CI 0.58-4.97]). Adjusted mean time to vaginal delivery was increased by 3.8 h (95% CI 1.3-6.2 h) in the misoprostol group. Non-operative vaginal delivery and cesarean delivery rates did not differ. Women's childbirth experience was positive overall and similar in both groups. Conclusion Induction of labor with oral misoprostol compared with a transvaginal balloon catheter was associated with a lower probability of vaginal delivery within 24 h and a longer time to vaginal delivery. However, primary safety outcomes, non-operative vaginal delivery, and women's childbirth experience were similar in both groups. Therefore, both methods can be recommended in women with low-risk postdate pregnancies.
|
|
