| 1. |
- Cheung, Mark C. M., et al.
(författare)
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Probing the Physics of the Solar Atmosphere with the Multi-slit Solar Explorer (MUSE). II. Flares and Eruptions
- 2022
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 926:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current state-of-the-art spectrographs cannot resolve the fundamental spatial (subarcseconds) and temporal (less than a few tens of seconds) scales of the coronal dynamics of solar flares and eruptive phenomena. The highest-resolution coronal data to date are based on imaging, which is blind to many of the processes that drive coronal energetics and dynamics. As shown by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph for the low solar atmosphere, we need high-resolution spectroscopic measurements with simultaneous imaging to understand the dominant processes. In this paper: (1) we introduce the Multi-slit Solar Explorer (MUSE), a spaceborne observatory to fill this observational gap by providing high-cadence (<20 s), subarcsecond-resolution spectroscopic rasters over an active region size of the solar transition region and corona; (2) using advanced numerical models, we demonstrate the unique diagnostic capabilities of MUSE for exploring solar coronal dynamics and for constraining and discriminating models of solar flares and eruptions; (3) we discuss the key contributions MUSE would make in addressing the science objectives of the Next Generation Solar Physics Mission (NGSPM), and how MUSE, the high-throughput Extreme Ultraviolet Solar Telescope, and the Daniel K Inouye Solar Telescope (and other ground-based observatories) can operate as a distributed implementation of the NGSPM. This is a companion paper to De Pontieu et al., which focuses on investigating coronal heating with MUSE.
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| 2. |
- Danielsson, Tom, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Aerobic capacity predict skeletal but not cardiac muscle damage after triathlon : the Iron(WO)man study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines the association between aerobic capacity and biomarkers of skeletal- and cardiac muscle damage among amateur triathletes after a full distance Ironman. Men and women (N = 55) were recruited from local sport clubs. One month before an Ironman triathlon, they conducted a 20 m shuttle run test to determine aerobic capacity. Blood samples were taken immediately after finishing the triathlon, and analyzed for cardiac Troponin T (cTnT), Myosin heavy chain-a (MHC-a), N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), Creatin Kinas (CK), and Myoglobin. Regression models examining the association between the biomarkers and aerobic capacity expressed in both relative terms (mLO2*kg−1*min−1) and absolute terms (LO2*min−1) controlled for weight were fitted. A total of 39 subjects (26% females) had complete data and were included in the analysis. No association between aerobic capacity and cardiac muscle damage was observed. For myoglobin, adding aerobic capacity (mLO2*kg−1*min−1) increased the adjusted r2 from 0.026 to 0.210 (F: 8.927, p = 0.005) and for CK the adjusted r2 increased from -0.015 to 0.267 (F: 13.778, p = 0.001). In the models where aerobic capacity was entered in absolute terms the adjusted r2 increased from 0.07 to 0.227 (F: 10.386, p = 0.003) for myoglobin and for CK from -0.029 to 0.281 (F: 15.215, p < 0.001). A negative association between aerobic capacity and skeletal muscle damage was seen but despite the well-known cardio-protective health effect of high aerobic fitness, no such association could be observed in this study.
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| 3. |
- De Pontieu, Bart, et al.
(författare)
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Probing the Physics of the Solar Atmosphere with the Multi-slit Solar Explorer (MUSE). I. Coronal Heating
- 2022
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 926:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Multi-slit Solar Explorer (MUSE) is a proposed mission composed of a multislit extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectrograph (in three spectral bands around 171 Å, 284 Å, and 108 Å) and an EUV context imager (in two passbands around 195 Å and 304 Å). MUSE will provide unprecedented spectral and imaging diagnostics of the solar corona at high spatial (≤05) and temporal resolution (down to ∼0.5 s for sit-and-stare observations), thanks to its innovative multislit design. By obtaining spectra in four bright EUV lines (Fe ix 171 Å, Fe xv 284 Å, Fe xix–Fe xxi 108 Å) covering a wide range of transition regions and coronal temperatures along 37 slits simultaneously, MUSE will, for the first time, "freeze" (at a cadence as short as 10 s) with a spectroscopic raster the evolution of the dynamic coronal plasma over a wide range of scales: from the spatial scales on which energy is released (≤05) to the large-scale (∼170'' × 170'') atmospheric response. We use numerical modeling to showcase how MUSE will constrain the properties of the solar atmosphere on spatiotemporal scales (≤05, ≤20 s) and the large field of view on which state-of-the-art models of the physical processes that drive coronal heating, flares, and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) make distinguishing and testable predictions. We describe the synergy between MUSE, the single-slit, high-resolution Solar-C EUVST spectrograph, and ground-based observatories (DKIST and others), and the critical role MUSE plays because of the multiscale nature of the physical processes involved. In this first paper, we focus on coronal heating mechanisms. An accompanying paper focuses on flares and CMEs.
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| 4. |
- Draper-Joyce, Christopher J., et al.
(författare)
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Positive allosteric mechanisms of adenosine A(1) receptor-mediated analgesia
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 597:7877, s. 571-576
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The adenosine A(1) receptor (A,R) is a promising therapeutic target for non-opioid analgesic agents to treat neuropathic pain(1,2). However, development of analgesic orthosteric A(1)R agonists has failed because of a lack of sufficient on-target selectivity as well as off-tissue adverse effects(3). Here we show that [2-amino-4-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl) phenyl)thiophen-3-yl)(4-chlorophenyl)methanone] (MIPS521), a positive allosteric modulator of the A(1)R, exhibits analgesic efficacy in rats in vivo through modulation of the increased levels of endogenous adenosine that occur in the spinal cord of rats with neuropathic pain. We also report the structure of the co-bound to adenosine, MIPS521 and a G(12) heterotrimer, revealing an extrahelicallipid-detergent-facing allosteric binding pocket that involves transmembrane helixes 1, 6 and 7. Molecular dynamics simulations and ligand kinetic binding experiments support a mechanism whereby MIPS521 stabilizes the adenosine-receptor-G protein complex. This study provides proof of concept for structure-based allosteric drug design of non-opioid analgesic agents that are specific to disease contexts.
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| 5. |
- González Dos Santos, Teno, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting Season Outcomes for the NBA
- 2022
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Ingår i: Machine Learning and Data Mining for Sports Analytics. - Cham, Switzerland : Springer. - 9783031020438 - 9783031020445 ; , s. 129-142
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Predicting game or season outcomes is important for clubs as well as for the betting industry. Understanding the critical factors of winning games and championships gives clubs a competitive advantage when selecting players for the team and implementing winning strategies. In this paper, we work with NBA data from 10 seasons and propose an approach for predicting game outcomes that is then used for predicting which team will be champion and which stages a team will reach in the playoffs. We show that our approach has a similar performance as the odds from betting companies and does better than ELO.
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| 6. |
- Kohilakis, Eleni, et al.
(författare)
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Gabapentin and Rapidity of Recovery Among Patients Undergoing Minimally Invasive Ambulatory Uro-Oncologic Surgeries
- 2024
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Ingår i: UROLOGY PRACTICE. - 2352-0779 .- 2352-0787. ; 11:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction:Gabapentin has been used in enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways for pain control for patients undergoing ambulatory uro-oncologic surgery; however, it may cause undesirable side effects. We studied the causal association between gabapentin and rapidity of recovery and perioperative pain management after minimally invasive uro-oncologic surgery.Methods:We identified 2397 patients <= 65 years undergoing prostatectomies or nephrectomies between 2018 and 2022; 131 (5.5%) did not receive gabapentin. We tested the effect of gabapentin use on time of discharge and perioperative opioid consumption, respectively, using multivariable linear regression adjusting for potential confounders including age, gender, BMI, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, and surgery type.Results:On adjusted analysis, we found no evidence of a difference in discharge time among those who did vs did not receive gabapentin (adjusted difference 0.07 hours shorter on gabapentin; 95% CI -0.17, 0.31; P = .6). There was no evidence of a difference in intraoperative opioid consumption by gabapentin receipt (adjusted difference -1.5 morphine milligram equivalents; 95% CI -4.2, 1.1; P = .3) or probability of being in the top quartile of postoperative opioid consumption within 24 hours (adjusted difference 4.2%; 95% CI -4.8%, 13%; P = .4). We saw no important differences in confounders by gabapentin receipt suggesting causal conclusions are justified.Conclusions:Our confidence intervals did not include clinically meaningful benefits from gabapentin, when used with an ERAS protocol, in terms of length of stay or perioperative opioid use. These results support the omission of gabapentin from ERAS protocols for minimally invasive uro-oncologic surgeries.
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| 7. |
- Lambrix, Patrick, Professor, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Performance Metrics for Ice Hockey Accounting for Goal Importance
- 2022
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Ingår i: Linköping Hockey Analytics Conference LINHAC 2022 June 6-8, 2022, Linköping, Sweden. - Linköping, Sweden : LiU Electronic Press. ; , s. 11-25
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The evaluation of player performance is an important topic in sports analytics and is used by coaches for team management, in scouting and in sports broadcasts. When evaluating the performance of ice hockey players, many metrics are used, including traditional metrics such as goals, assists, points and modern metrics such as Corsi. One weakness of such metrics is that they do not consider the context in which the value for the metric was assigned. Other advanced metrics have been introduced, but as they are not easily explainable to practitioners, they may not make it into the hockey discourse. In this paper we introduce new goal-based metrics that (i) are based on traditional and well-known metrics, and thus easily understandable, (ii) take context into account in the form of time, manpower differential and goal differential and (iii) add a new aspect by taking into account the importance of the goals regarding their contribution to team wins and ties. We describe the intuitions behind the metrics, give formal definitions, evaluate the metrics using the eye test and show correlations to the traditional metrics. We have used data from the NHL seasons 2007-2008 to 2013-2014 and show which players stand out with respect to the number of goals and the importance of goals.
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| 8. |
- Lehmus Persson, Timmy, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of Tiers in the Ranking of Ice Hockey Players
- 2020
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Ingår i: Machine Learning and Data Mining for Sports Analytics 7th International Workshop, MLSA 2020, Co-located with ECML/PKDD 2020, Ghent, Belgium, September 14–18, 2020, Proceedings. - Cham, Switzerland : Springer Nature. ; , s. 89-100
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many teams in the NHL utilize data analysis and employ data analysts. An important question for these analysts is to identify attributes and skills that may help predict the success of individual players. This study uses detailed player statistics from four seasons, player rankings from EA’s NHL video games, and six machine learning algorithms to find predictive models that can be used to identify and predict players’ ranking tier (top 10%, 25% and 50%). We also compare and contrast which attributes and skills best predict a player’s success, while accounting for differences in player positions (goalkeepers, defenders and forwards). When comparing the resulting models, the Bayesian classifiers performed best and had the best sensitivity. The tree-based models had the highest specificity, but had trouble classifying the top 10% tier players. In general, the models were best at classifying forwards, highlighting that many of the official metrics are focused on the offensive measures and that it is harder to use official performance metrics alone to differentiate between top tier players.
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| 9. |
- Lindström, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting Player Trajectories in Shot Situations in Soccer
- 2020
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Ingår i: Machine Learning and Data Mining for Sports Analytics7th International Workshop, MLSA 2020, Co-located with ECML/PKDD 2020, Ghent, Belgium, September 14–18, 2020, Proceedings. - Cham, Switzerland : Springer Nature. ; , s. 62-75
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Player behaviors can have a significant impact on the outcome of individual events, as well as the game itself. The increased availability of high quality resolution spatio-temporal data has enabled analysis of player behavior and game strategy. In this paper, we present the implementation and evaluation of an imitation learning method using recurrent neural networks, which allows us to learn individual player behaviors and perform rollouts of player movements on previously unseen play sequences. The method is evaluated using a 2019 dataset from the top-tier soccer league in Sweden (Allsvenskan). Our evaluation provides insights how to best apply the method on movement traces in soccer, the relative accuracy of the method, and how well policies of one player role capture the relative behaviors of a different player role, for example.
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| 10. |
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