| 1. |
- Ahmad Kiadaliri, Aliasghar, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting Changes in Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetes in the Post-UKPDS Era: Longitudinal Analysis of the Swedish National Diabetes Register
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Diabetes Research. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2314-6745 .- 2314-6753. ; 2013
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the current study was to provide updated time-path equations for risk factors of type-2-diabetes-related cardiovascular complications for application in risk calculators and health economic models. Observational data from the Swedish National Diabetes Register were analysed using Generalized Method of Moments estimation for dynamic panel models ( , aged 25–70 years at diagnosis in 2001–2004). Validation was performed using persons diagnosed in 2005 ( ). Results were compared with the UKPDS outcome model. The value of the risk factor in the previous year was the main predictor of the current value of the risk factor. People with high (low) values of risk factor in the year of diagnosis experienced a decreasing (increasing) trend over time. BMI was associated with elevations in all risk factors, while older age at diagnosis and being female generally corresponded to lower levels of risk factors. Updated time-path equations predicted risk factors more precisely than UKPDS outcome model equations in a Swedish population. Findings indicate new time paths for cardiovascular risk factors in the post-UKPDS era. The validation analysis confirmed the importance of updating the equations as new data become available; otherwise, the results of health economic analyses may be biased.
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| 2. |
- Ahmad Kiadaliri, Aliasghar, et al.
(författare)
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Towards Renewed Health Economic Simulation of Type 2 Diabetes: Risk Equations for First and Second Cardiovascular Events from Swedish Register Data
- 2013
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Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Predicting the risk of future events is an essential part of health economic simulation models. In pursuit of this goal, the current study aims to predict the risk of developing first and second acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, non-acute ischaemic heart disease, and stroke after diagnosis in patients with type 2 diabetes, using data from the Swedish National Diabetes Register. Material and Methods Register data on 29,034 patients with type 2 diabetes were analysed over five years of follow up (baseline 2003). To develop and validate the risk equations, the sample was randomly divided into training (75%) and test (25%) subsamples. The Weibull proportional hazard model was used to estimate the coefficients of the risk equations, and these were validated in both the training and the test samples. Results In total, 4,547 first and 2,418 second events were observed during the five years of follow up. Experiencing a first event substantially elevated the risk of subsequent events. There were heterogeneities in the effects of covariates within as well as between events; for example, while for females the hazard ratio of having a first acute myocardial infarction was 0.79 (0.70–0.90), the hazard ratio of a second was 1.21 (0.98–1.48). The hazards of second events decreased as the time since first events elapsed. The equations showed adequate calibration and discrimination (C statistics range: 0.70–0.84 in test samples). Conclusion The accuracy of health economic simulation models of type 2 diabetes can be improved by ensuring that they account for the heterogeneous effects of covariates on the risk of first and second cardiovascular events. Thus it is important to extend such models by including risk equations for second cardiovascular events.
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| 3. |
- Ahmad, Nafees, et al.
(författare)
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Pitx3 directly regulates Foxe3 during early lens development.
- 2013
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Ingår i: The International journal of developmental biology. - : UPV/EHU Press. - 1696-3547 .- 0214-6282. ; 57, s. 741-751
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pitx3 is a bicoid-related homeodomain transcription factor critical for the development of the ocular lens, mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons and skeletal muscle. In humans, mutations in PITX3 are responsible for cataracts and anterior segment abnormalities of varying degree; polymorphisms are associated with Parkinsons disease. In aphakia (ak) mice, two deletions in the promoter region of Pitx3 cause abnormal lens development. Here, we investigated systematically the role of Pitx3 in lens development including its molecular targets responsible for the ak phenotype. We have shown that ak lenses exhibit reduced proliferation and aberrant fiber cell differentiation. This was associated with loss of Foxe3 expression, complete absence of Prox1 expression, reduced expression of epsilon-tubulin and earlier expression of gamma-crystallin during lens development. Using EMSA and ChIP assays, we demonstrated that Pitx3 binds to an evolutionary conserved bicoid-binding site on the 5-upstream region of Foxe3. Finally, Pitx3 binding to 5-upstream region of Foxe3 increased transcriptional activity significantly in a cell-based reporter assay. Identification of Foxe3 as a transcriptional target of Pitx3 explains at least in part some of the phenotypic similarities of the ak and dyl mice (dysgenic lens, a Foxe3 allele). These findings enhance our understanding of the molecular cascades which subserve lens development.
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| 4. |
- Ainegren, Mats, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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A portable roller ski rolling resistance measurement system
- 2013
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Ingår i: The Impact of Technology on Sport V. - : Elsevier. ; , s. 79-83
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Roller skis are used by cross-country skiers, biathletes and ski-orienteers for their snow-free training and in roller ski competitions. Additionally, much of the current sports research into the physiology and biomechanics of crosscountry skiing is conducted indoors on treadmills using roller skis. For elite athletes, the differences in performance are quite small, thus emphasising the importance of knowing the roller skis' rolling resistance coefficient, especially in connection to research and roller ski competitions. The purpose of this study was to develop a roller ski rolling resistance measurement system (P-RRMS) that is portable and therefore useful in different contexts and locations. The P-RRMS was designed as a small treadmill, equipped with roller ski stabilizing lateral supports and a screwed bar for applying different vertical loads on the roller ski. The design uses only one force sensor, with possible measurements of three directions of force and torque around three axes. The weight of the P-RRMS is 100 kg and it is equipped with wheels to facilitate transportation.
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| 5. |
- Ainegren, Mats, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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The multifunctional roller ski
- 2013
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Ingår i: Science and Nordic Skiing II. - : University of Salzburg, University of Jyväskylä. - 9789513951757 ; , s. 253-261
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Arvidsson, Eva, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Vägen framåt
- 2013
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Ingår i: Att välja rättvist. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. ; , s. 207-214
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Som vi visat har utvecklingen av metoder och strukturer för öppna prioriteringar i Sverige kommit långt. Många frågor återstår likväl. Under vårt arbete med denna bok har vi identifierat ett antal förbättringsområden och utmaningar som vi avslutningsvis vill lyfta fram. Det rör sig om vilka som ska delta i prioriteringarna, tydliggörande av värdegrunden, behov av bättre kunskap, baserad på både vetenskaplig metod och erfarenhet, och fortsatt utveckling av prioriteringsprocesser på olika nivåer och i olika sammanhang. Även om vi i Sverige skulle nå en god enighet kring principer och kriterier för prioriteringar så kommer vi alltid finna många olika sätt att praktiskt lösa specifika prioriteringsproblem.
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| 7. |
- Cansby, Emmelie, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Increased expression of STK25 leads to impaired glucose utilization and insulin sensitivity in mice challenged with a high-fat diet.
- 2013
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Ingår i: FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. - : Wiley. - 1530-6860. ; 27:9, s. 3660-3671
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Partial depletion of serine/threonine protein kinase 25 (STK25), a member of the Ste20 superfamily of kinases, increases lipid oxidation and glucose uptake in rodent myoblasts. Here we show that transgenic mice overexpressing STK25, when challenged with a high-fat diet, develop reduced glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity compared to wild-type siblings, as evidenced by impairment in glucose and insulin tolerance tests as well as in euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp studies. The fasting plasma insulin concentration was elevated in Stk25 transgenic mice compared to wild-type littermates (4.9±0.8 vs. 2.6±0.4 ng/ml after 17 wk on high-fat diet, P<0.05). Overexpression of STK25 decreased energy expenditure during the dark phase of observation (P<0.05), despite increased spontaneous activity. The oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle of transgenic carriers was reduced, as evidenced by altered expression of Cpt1, Acox1, and ACC. Hepatic triglycerides and glycogen were elevated (1.6- and 1.4-fold, respectively; P<0.05) and expression of key enzymes regulating lipogenesis (Fasn), glycogen synthesis (Gck), and gluconeogenesis (G6pc, Fbp1) was increased in the liver of the transgenic mice. Our findings suggest that overexpression of STK25 in conditions of excess dietary fuels associates with a shift in the metabolic balance in peripheral tissues from lipid oxidation to storage, leading to a systemic insulin resistance.-Cansby, E., Amrutkar, M., Mannerås Holm, L., Nerstedt, A., Reyahi, A., Stenfeldt, E., Borén, J., Carlsson, P., Smith, U., Zierath, J.R., Mahlapuu, M. Increased expression of STK25 leads to impaired glucose utilization and insulin sensitivity in mice challenged with a high-fat diet.
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| 8. |
- Carlsson, Peter, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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Numerical Simulation of Cross Country Skiing
- 2011
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Ingår i: Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1025-5842 .- 1476-8259. ; 14:8, s. 741-746
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A program for numerical simulation of a whole ski race, from start to finish, is developed in MATLAB. The track ismodelled by a set of cubical splines in two dimensions and can be used to simulate a track in a closed loop or with the startand finish at different locations. The forces considered in the simulations are gravitational force, normal force between snowand skis, drag force from the wind, frictional force between snow and ski and driving force from the skier. The differentialequations of motion are solved from start to finish with the Runge–Kutta method. Different wind situations during the racecan be modelled, as well as different glide conditions on different parts of the track. It is also possible to vary the availablepower during the race. The simulation program’s output is the total time of the race, together with the forces and speedduring different parts of the race and intermediate times at selected points. Some preliminary simulations are also presented.
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| 9. |
- Mattsson, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Internet-based stepped care with interactive support and cognitive behavioral therapy for reduction of anxiety and depressive symptoms in cancer : a clinical trial protocol
- 2013
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Ingår i: BMC Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2407. ; 13, s. 414-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Approximately 20-30% of patients with cancer experience a clinically relevant level of emotional distress in response to disease and treatment. This in itself is alarming but it is even more problematic because it is often difficult for physicians and nurses to identify cancer patients who experience clinically relevant levels of anxiety and depression symptoms. This can result in persistent distress and can cause human suffering as well as costs for individuals and to the community. Methods: Applying a multi-disciplinary and design-oriented approach aimed at attaining new evidence-based knowledge in basic and applied psychosocial oncology, this protocol will evaluate an intervention to be implemented in clinical practice to reduce cancer patient anxiety and depression. A prospective randomized design will be used. The overarching goal of the intervention is to promote psychosocial health among patients suffering from cancer by means of self-help programmes delivered via an Internet platform. Another goal is to reduce costs for individuals and society, caused by emotional distress in response to cancer. Following screening to detect levels of patient distress, patients will be randomized to standard care or a stepped care intervention. For patients randomized to the intervention, step 1 will consist of self-help material, a chat forum where participants will be able to communicate with each other, and a Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) section where they can ask questions and get answers from an expert. Patients in the intervention group who still report symptoms of anxiety or depression after access to step 1 will be offered step 2, which will consist of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) administered by a personal therapist. The primary end point of the study is patients' levels of anxiety and depression, evaluated longitudinally during and after the intervention. Discussion: There is a lack of controlled studies of the psychological and behavioral processes involved in this type of intervention for anxiety and depressive disorders. Since anxiety and depressive symptoms are relatively common in patients with cancer and the availability of adequate support efforts is limited, there is a need to develop evidence-based stepped care for patients with cancer, to be delivered via the Internet.
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| 10. |
- Nik, Ali Moussavi, et al.
(författare)
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Foxf2 in Intestinal Fibroblasts Reduces Numbers of Lgr5(+) Stem Cells and Adenoma Formation by Inhibiting Wnt Signaling
- 2013
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Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-5085 .- 1528-0012. ; 144:5, s. 1001-1011
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & Aims The stem cell niche at the base of the intestinal crypts, as well as stemness and high clonogenicity in colon cancer cells, depend on Wnt signaling to β-catenin. Fibroblasts modulate the Wnt pathway in normal and neoplastic epithelial cells via unclear mechanisms. We investigated how in intestinal fibroblasts the forkhead transcription factor Foxf2 controls Wnt signaling to affect numbers of stem cells and formation and growth of adenomas in mice. Methods We created mice with different copy numbers of Foxf2 by generating Foxf2−/+ mice and a transgenic strain, Tg(FOXF2). Adenoma formation was investigated in ApcMin/+ mice, stem cells were counted in mice with the Lgr5–enhanced green fluorescent protein knock-in allele, proliferation was measured by incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine, Foxf2 and Sfrp1 were localized by immunohistochemistry, and signaling pathways were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblot assays. Results Epithelial β-catenin was stabilized in Foxf2−/+ mice, resulting in increased number and size of adenomas. Tg(FOXF2) mice, however, were partially resistant to intestinal neoplasia and developed fewer and smaller adenomas; Foxf2−/+ mice developed 24-fold more tumors than Tg(FOXF2) mice. Epithelial cells of Foxf2−/+ mice also had higher numbers of Lgr5+ stem cells and greater amounts of crypt cell proliferation and expression of Myc (a target of Wnt signaling) than Tg(FOXF2) mice. Expression of Sfrp1, which encodes an extracellular inhibitor of Wnt, in fibroblasts increased with copy number of Foxf2. Conclusions Foxf2 is a fibroblast factor that inhibits paracrine Wnt signaling and restricts the crypt stem cell niche in intestines of mice. Loss of Foxf2 promotes adenoma formation and growth.
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