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| 2. |
- Khorram-Manesh, Amir, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Education in Disaster Management: What Do We Offer and What Do We Need? Proposing a New Global Program.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1935-7893 .- 1938-744X. ; 10:6, s. 854-873
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Although there is a significant willingness to respond to disasters, a review of post-event reports following incidents shows troubling repeated patterns with poorly integrated response activities and response managers inadequately trained for the requirements of disasters. This calls for a new overall approach in disaster management. METHODS: An in-depth review of the education and training opportunities available to responders and disaster managers has been undertaken, as well as an extensive review of the educational competencies and their parent domains identified by subject matter experts as necessary for competent performance. RESULTS: Seven domains of competency and competencies that should be mastered by disaster mangers were identified. This set of domains and individual competencies was utilized to define a new and evolving curriculum. In order to evaluate and assess the mastery of each competency, objectives were more widely defined as activities under specific topics, as the measurable elements of the curriculum, for each managerial level. CONCLUSIONS: This program enables interagency cooperation and collaboration and could be used to increase and improve decision-makers' understanding of disaster managers' capabilities; at the strategic/tactical level to promote the knowledge and capability of the disaster managers themselves; and as continuing education or further career development for disaster managers at the operational level. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;page 1 of 20).
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| 3. |
- Landälv, Ludvig, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Phase composition and transformations in magnetron-sputtered (Al,V)2O3 coatings
- 2019
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Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 688
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coatings of (Al1-xVx)2O3, with x ranging from 0 to 1, were deposited by pulsed DC reactive sputter deposition on Si(100) at a temperature of 550 °C. XRD showed three different crystal structures depending on V-metal fraction in the coating: α-V2O3 rhombohedral structure for 100 at.% V, a defect spinel structure for the intermediate region, 63–42 at.% V. At lower V-content, 18 and 7 at.%, a gamma-alumina-like solid solution was observed, shifted to larger d-spacing compared to pure γ-Al2O3. The microstructure changes from large columnar faceted grains for α-V2O3 to smaller equiaxed grains when lowering the vanadium content towards pure γ-Al2O3. Annealing in air resulted in formation of V2O5 crystals on the surface of the coating after annealing to 500 °C for 42 at.% V and 700 °C for 18 at.% V metal fraction respectively. The highest thermal stability was shown for pure γ-Al2O3-coating, which transformed to α-Al2O3 after annealing to 1100 °C. Highest hardness was observed for the Al-rich oxides, ~24 GPa. The latter decreased with increasing V-content, larger than 7 at.% V metal fraction. The measured hardness after annealing in air decreased in conjunction with the onset of further oxidation of the coatings.
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| 4. |
- Lorek, Eleonora, et al.
(författare)
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High-Order Harmonic Generation and Plasmonics
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nano-Structures for Optics and Photonics : Optical Strategies for Enhancing Sensing, Imaging, Communication and Energy Conversion - Optical Strategies for Enhancing Sensing, Imaging, Communication and Energy Conversion. - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 9789401791328 - 9789401791335 ; , s. 531-531
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Attosecond pulses allow for imaging of very fast processes, like electron dynamics. Stockman et al. suggested to use these pulses in connection with a Photoemission electron microscope (PEEM) to study the ultrafast dynamics of plasmons (Stockman et al. Nat Photonics 1:539–544, 2007). For efficient plasmon studies, the repetition rate of the attosecond pulses used needs to be higher than a few kHz (Mikkelsen et al. Rev Sci Instrum 80:123703, 2009). Attosecond pulses are produced in a process called high-order harmonic generation (HHG) (Paul et al. Science 292(5522):1689–1692, 2001; Ferray et al. J Phys B At Mol Opt Phys 21:L31–L35, 1988). In HHG, a strong laser field allows an electron to tunnel out, get accelerated and recombine with a high kinetic energy resulting in extreme ultraviolet attosecond pulses. The large intensity needed to drive the process normally limits the repetition rate of the laser to a few kHz. Using a tight focusing scheme (Heyl et al. Phys Rev Lett 107:033903, 2011; Vernaleken et al. Opt Lett 36:3428–3430, 2011), we, however, generate harmonics at a repetition rate of 200 kHz, both with a commercial turn-key laser and with an advanced laser system. Suitable nanostructures for a strong field enhancement are produced in-house and the field enhancement is studied with PEEM in a non-time resolved manner. With high-order harmonics produced at a high repetition rate, we hope to be able to follow also the ultrafast dynamics of plasmons in these structures (Mårsell et al. Ann der Phys 525:162–170, 2013).
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| 5. |
- Babaev, Egor, et al.
(författare)
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Type-1.5 superconductivity
- 2017
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Ingår i: Superconductors at the Nanoscale: From Basic Research to Applications. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 9783110456806 - 9783110456202 ; , s. 133-164
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Berlin, Johan M, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Collaboration exercices; what do they contribute? : a study of learning and usefulness
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management. - : Wiley. - 0966-0879 .- 1468-5973. ; 23:1, s. 11-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article aims to study whether exercises contribute to learning that can be useful in actual emergency work. It reports the findings of a study about professional emergency personnel’s perceptions of the impact of collaboration exercises. Surveys were distributed and collected from emergency personnel in conjunction with three collaboration exercises that took place in Sweden in spring 2012. The survey included personnel holding different positions within the police department, fire department and ambulance services. Among them were also operational personnel such as officers. A total of 94 professional emergency personnel agreed to participate by answering the survey. The response rate was 95%.The study shows that collaborative elements in exercises contribute to perceived learning (R2 = 0:53), and that learning, in turn, has a perceived beneficial effect on actual emergency work (R2 = 0:26).The perceived results of collaboration,learning and their impact on actual emergency work, however, are moderate.The exercises were characterised by long waiting times and gave few opportunities to practise different strategies. Only a few respondents felt that they learned something about the collaborating organisations’ ways of communicating and prioritising. Many also thought that the exercises were more useful for command officers than for operational personnel.Thus, the study shows that by strengthening the collaborative elements of the exercises, the perception of the participants’ actual emergency work can be developed.
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| 7. |
- Crilly, J., et al.
(författare)
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Staff perceptions of the emergency department working environment: An international cross-sectional survey
- 2019
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Ingår i: EMA - Emergency Medicine Australasia. - : Wiley. - 1742-6731 .- 1742-6723. ; 31:6, s. 1082-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The aims of this study were to describe clinical staff perceptions of their ED working environment and to explore associations between staff demographics, coping styles and the work environment. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in one Swedish ED and two Australian EDs in 2015–2016. Descriptive statistics were used to explore stressors, coping styles and aspects of the working environment for the combined cohort and the cohort split by age, sex, professional role, years of employment in the ED and country. Regression analyses examined the impact of coping style and demographic characteristics on staff perceptions of the working environment. Results: Two hundred and six ED staff completed the survey (response rate: 64%). Factors most stressful for ED staff included death or sexual abuse of a child, heavy workload and poor skill mix. Staff perceptions of the working environment differed based on age, sex, country, tenure and job role. Regression analysis of perceptions of the work environment on demographics and coping strategies revealed that negative coping strategies were associated with low self-realisation, high workload, high conflict and high nervousness. Active coping and positive thinking were associated with increased self-realisation. Positive thinking was associated with lower levels of conflict. Conclusions: Employees engaging in positive coping strategies had more positive perceptions of the work environment, while those engaging in maladaptive coping strategies reported negative perceptions of the work environment. These data suggest that strategies that promote the use of active coping and positive thinking should be encouraged and warrant further research in the ED. © 2019 Australasian College for Emergency Medicine
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| 8. |
- Johnston, A., et al.
(författare)
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Review article: Staff perception of the emergency department working environment: Integrative review of the literature
- 2016
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Ingår i: Emergency Medicine Australasia. - : Wiley. - 1742-6731 .- 1742-6723. ; 28:1, s. 7-26
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Employees in EDs report increasing role overload because of critical staff shortages, budgetary cuts and increased patient numbers and acuity. Such overload could compromise staff satisfaction with their working environment. This integrative review identifies, synthesises and evaluates current research around staff perceptions of the working conditions in EDs. A systematic search of relevant databases, using MeSH descriptors ED/EDs, Emergency room/s, ER/s, or A&E coupled with (and) working environment, working condition/s, staff perception/s, as well as reference chaining was conducted. We identified 31 key studies that were evaluated using the mixed methods assessment tool (MMAT). These comprised 24 quantitative-descriptive studies, four mixed descriptive/comparative (non-randomised controlled trial) studies and three qualitative studies. Studies included varied widely in quality with MMAT scores ranging from 0% to 100%. A key finding was that perceptions of working environment varied across clinical staff and study location, but that high levels of autonomy and teamwork offset stress around high pressure and high volume workloads. The large range of tools used to assess staff perception of working environment limits the comparability of the studies. A dearth of intervention studies around enhancing working environments in EDs limits the capacity to recommend evidence-based interventions to improve staff morale. (c) 2016 The Authors. Emergency Medicine Australasia published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australasian College for Emergency Medicine and Australasian Society for Emergency Medicine
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| 9. |
- Khorram-Manesh, Amir, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Non-medical aspects of civilian-military collaboration in management of major incidents.
- 2017
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Ingår i: European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1863-9941. ; 43:5, s. 595-603
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Disasters and major incidents demand a multidisciplinary management. Recent experiences from terrorist attacks worldwide have resulted in a search for better assessment of the needs, resources, and knowledge in the medical and non-medical management of these incidents and also actualized the need for collaboration between civilian and military healthcare. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the civilian-military collaboration in a Swedish context with the main focus on its non-medical management.An exercise, simulating a foreign military attack centrally on Swedish soil, was designed, initiated, and conducted by a team consisting of civilian and military staff. Data were collected prospectively and evaluated by an expert team.Specific practical and technical issues were presented in collaboration between civilian and military staffs. In addition, shortcomings in decision-making, follow-up, communication, and collaboration due to prominent lack of training and exercising the tasks and positions in all managerial levels of the hospital were identified.Current social and political unrests and terror attacks worldwide necessitate civilian-military collaboration. Such collaboration, however, needs to be synchronized and adjusted to avoid preventable medical and non-medical consequences. Simulation exercises might be one important source to improve such collaboration.
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| 10. |
- Petersson, C. L M, et al.
(författare)
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Phase metrology with multi-cycle two-colour pulses
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-4075 .- 1361-6455. ; 49:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Strong-field phenomena driven by an intense infrared (IR) laser depend on during what part of the field cycle they are initiated. By changing the sub-cycle character of the laser electric field it is possible to control such phenomena. For long pulses, sub-cycle shaping of the field can be done by adding a relatively weak, second harmonic of the driving field to the pulse. Through constructive and destructive interference, the combination of strong and weak fields can be used to change the probability of a strong-field process being initiated at any given part of the cycle. In order to control sub-cycle phenomena with optimal accuracy, it is necessary to know the phase difference of the strong and the weak fields precisely. If the weaker field is an even harmonic of the driving field, electrons ionized by the field will be asymmetrically distributed between the positive and negative directions of the combined fields. Information about the asymmetry can yield information about the phase difference. A technique to measure asymmetry for few-cycle pulses, called stereo-ATI (above threshold ionization), has been developed by Paulus et al (2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 253004). This paper outlines an extension of this method to measure the phase difference between a strong IR and its second harmonic.
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