| 1. |
- Carracedo, Juan Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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From Myth to Science : The Contribution of Mount Teide to the Advancement of Volcanology
- 2013
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Ingår i: Teide Volcano. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642258923 - 9783642258930 ; , s. 1-21
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter outlines the progress of geological research into the origin and evolution of the Teide Volcanic Complex within the framework of Tenerife Island, the Canary Islands, and oceanic volcanism in general. Initially considered to relate to either the entrance to ‘Hell’ or to mythical Atlantis, for von Buch, von Humboldt, Lyell and the other great eighteenth and nineteenth century naturalists Teide eventually helped to shape a new, and at that time revolutionary concept; the origin of volcanic rocks from solidified magma. This school of thought slowly cast aside Neptunism and removed some of the last barriers for the development of modern Geology and Volcanology as the sciences we know today. Despite the volcanic nature of the Canaries having been already recognised by the twentieth century, modern geological understanding of the archipelago progressed most significantly with the advent of plate tectonics. While some authors still maintain a link between the Canaries and the Atlas tectonic regime (see also Chap. 2), geological research truly advanced in the Canaries through comparison with hotspot-derived archipelagos, particularly the Hawaiian Islands. This approach, initiated in the 1970s, provided a breakthrough in the understanding of Canary volcanism, demonstrating Tenerife and Teide to be one of the world’s most interesting, complex and to many, one of the most iconic of oceanic volcanoes.
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| 2. |
- Carracedo, Juan Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Geological Hazards in the Teide Volcanic Complex
- 2013
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Ingår i: Teide Volcano. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642258923 - 9783642258930 ; , s. 249-272
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The island of Tenerife displays contrasted densities of population, from the densely occupied coastal zones (including tourist resorts, airport, energy facilities, etc.) to the sparsely populated forests and mountainous highlands, where most of the recent volcanic events are located. Considering the low frequency of historical eruptions (compared to Hawaii or Reunion Island for example), the assessment of geological hazards must also rely on the analysis and interpretation of prehistorical events, going back to at least the Late Quaternary. In this chapter, we review the hazards related to Teide’s volcanism, but also those from increased seismicity and from slope instability. We discuss the origin of low magnitude earthquakes, and particularly the 2004 episode of unrest. New estimates on cumulative volumes for resurfacing by lava flows during the last few thousand years are provided to serve as a tool for building a lava flow hazard map of Tenerife. Hazards related to explosive activity are also considered and although possible, with phreatomagmatic eruptions being the most likely style anticipated, explosive events are of relatively low probability at Teide in the near future.
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| 3. |
- Carracedo, Juan Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Structural and Geological Elements of Teide Volcanic Complex : Rift Zones and Gravitational Collapses
- 2013
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Ingår i: Teide Volcano. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783642258923 - 9783642258930 ; , s. 57-74
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Initially recognised in the Hawaiian Islands, volcanic rift zones and associated giant landslides have been extensively studied in the Canaries, where several of their more significant structural and genetic elements have been established. Almost 3,000 km of water tunnels (galerías) that exist in the western Canaries provide a unique possibility to access the deep structure of the island edifices. Recent work shows that rift zones to control the construction of the islands, possibly from the initial stages of island development, form the main relief features (shape and topography), and concentrate eruptive activity, making them crucial elements in defining the distribution of volcanic hazards on ocean islands.
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| 4. |
- Carracedo, Juan Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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The 2011 submarine volcanic eruption in El Hierro (Canary Islands)
- 2012
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Ingår i: Geology Today. - : Wiley. - 0266-6979 .- 1365-2451. ; 28:2, s. 53-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Forty years after the Teneguía Volcano (La Palma, 1971), a submarine eruption took place off the town of La Restinga, south of El Hierro, the smallest and youngest island of the Canarian Archipelago. Precursors allowed an early detection of the event and its approximate location, suggesting it was submarine. Uncertainties derived from insufficient scientific information available to the authorities during the eruption, leading to disproportionate civil protection measures, which had an impact on the island's economy—based primarily on tourism—while residents experienced extra fear and distress.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Pérez-Torrado, Francisco José, et al.
(författare)
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Eruptive Styles at the Teide Volcanic Complex
- 2013
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Ingår i: Teide Volcano. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. ; , s. 213-231
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The wide variety of volcanic products composing the Teide VolcanicComplex (TVC) reflects an unusual assemblage of eruptive styles, with awide range of phenomena represented and only plinian and phreato-plinian styles truly lacking. This diversity is due to spatial and temporalvariations in magma composition (mafic magmas of the rift zones andfelsic magmas of the central edifice), variable magmatic volatile contentsand the interaction of magma with external water (snow, groundwater,etc.). Overall, strombolian eruptions are the most frequent eruptive styleat the TVC. Explosive eruptions of felsic material tend to be of lowvolume, for example, the largest explosive event during the Holocene, Montaña Blanca (ca. 2 ka), produced*0.2 km3DRE of phonoliticpumice during an eruptive sequence that reached explosivity of sub-plinian magnitude. Examples of phreatomagmatic activity (surge depos-its) have been described both on the northern flanks of Teide volcano aswell as from the summit area of Pico Viejo volcano. Until now moststudies on volcanic hazard assessment have focussed on ash fall and lavaflow hazards in the Canary Islands, but phreatomagmatic eruptions andtheir potential effects may have to be seriously considered as well.
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| 7. |
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Teide Volcano : Geology and Eruptions of a Highly Differentiated Oceanic Stratovolcano
- 2013. - 1
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Teide Volcano has many different meanings: For the Guanche aborigines, who endured several of its eruptions, it was Echeide (Hell). Early navigators had in Teide, a lifesaving widely visible landmark that was towering over the clouds. For the first explorers, Teide was a challenging and dangerous climb, since it was thought that Teide's peak was so high that from its summit the sun was too close and far too hot to survive. Teide was considered the highest mountain in the world at that time and measuring its height precisely was a great undertaking and at the time of global scientific significance. For von Buch, von Humboldt, Lyell and other great 18th and19th century naturalists, Teide helped to shape a new and now increasingly 'volcanic' picture, where the origin of volcanic rocks (from solidified magma) slowly casted aside Neptunism and removed some of the last barriers for the development of modern Geology and Volcanology as the sciences we know today. For the present day population of Tenerife, living on top of the world's third tallest volcanic structure on the planet, Teide has actually become "Padre Teide", a fatherly protector and an emblematic icon of Tenerife, not to say of the Canaries as a whole. The UNESCO acknowledged this iconic and complex volcano, as "of global importance in providing evidence of the geological processes that underpin the evolution of oceanic islands". Today, 'Teide National Park' boasts 4 Million annual visitors including many 'volcano spotters' and is a spectacular natural environment which most keep as an impression to treasure and to never forget. For us, the editors of this book, Teide is all of the above; a 'hell of a job', a navigation point on cloudy days, a challenge beyond imagination, a breakthrough in our understanding of oceanic volcanism that has shaped our way of thinking about volcanoes, and lastly, Teide provides us with a reference point from where to start exploring other oceanic volcanoes in the Canaries and beyond. Here we have compiled the different aspects and the current understanding of this natural wonder.
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| 8. |
- Troll, Valentin, et al.
(författare)
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Pre-Teide Volcanic Activity on the Northeast Volcanic Rift Zone
- 2013
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Ingår i: Teide Volcano. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642258923 - 9783642258930 ; , s. 75-92
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The northeast rift zone of Tenerife (NERZ) presents a partially eroded volcanic rift that offers a superb opportunity to study the structure and evolution of oceanic rift zones. Field data, structural observations, isotopic dating, magnetic stratigraphy, and isotope geochemistry have recently become available for this rift and provide a reliable temporal framework for understanding the structural and petrological evolution of the entire rift zone. The NERZ appears to have formed in several major pulses of activity with a particularly high production rate in the Pleistocene (ca. 0.99 and 0.56 Ma). The rift underwent several episodes of flank creep and eventual catastrophic collapses driven by intense intrusive activity and gravitational adjustment. Petrologically, a variety of mafic rock types, including crystal-rich ankaramites, have been documented, with most samples isotopically typical of the “Tenerife signal”. Some of the NERZ magmas also bear witness to contamination by hydrothermally altered components of the island edifice and/or sediments. Isotope geochemistry furthermore points to the generation of the NERZ magmas from an upwelling column of mantle plume material mixed with upper asthenospheric mantle. Finally, persistent isotopic similarity through time between the NERZ and the older central edifices on Tenerife provides strong evidence for a genetic link between Tenerife’s principal volcanic episodes.
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| 9. |
- Wiesmaier, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
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Magma Mixing in the 1100 AD Montaña Reventada Composite Lava Flow : Interaction of Rift Zone and Central Complex Magmatism
- 2013
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Ingår i: Teide Volcano. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642258923 - 9783642258930 ; , s. 191-211
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Zoned eruption deposits frequently show a lower felsic and an upper maficmember, thought to reflect eruption from a large, stratified magmachambers. In contrast, however, the Montaña Reventada composite flow inTenerife consists of a lower basanite and a much thicker upper phonolite. Asharp interface separates the basanite and phonolite, and a chilled margin atthis contact indicates the basanite was still hot upon emplacement of thephonolite, i.e. the two magmas erupted in very quick succession. Threetypes of mafic to intermediate inclusions are found in the phonolite, whichcomprise foamy quenched ones, inclusions with chilled margins and thosethat are physically mingled, reflecting progressive mixing with adecreasing temperature contrast between the end-member magmasinvolved. Analysis of basanite, phonolite and inclusions for majors, tracesand Sr, Nd and Pb isotopes show the inclusions to be derived from binarymixing of basanite and phonolite end-members in ratios of 2:1–4:1.Although basanite and phonolite magmas were erupted in quick succession, contrasting206Pb/204Pb ratios show them to be geneticallydistinct. The Montaña Reventada basanite and phonolite first came intocontact just prior to eruption and had seemingly limited interaction time.Montaña Reventada erupted from the transition zone between twoplumbing systems, the phonolitic Teide-Pico Viejo complex and thebasanitic Northwest rift zone. A rift zone basanite dyke most likelyintersected a previously emplaced phonolite magma pocket, leading toeruption of geochemically and texturally unaffected basanite, followed byinclusion-rich phonolite that exploited the already established conduit.
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| 10. |
- Wiesmaier, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
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Magma mixing in the 1100 AD Montaña Reventada composite lava flow, Tenerife, Canary Islands : Interaction between rift zone and central volcano plumbing systems
- 2011
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Ingår i: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. - : Springer. - 0010-7999 .- 1432-0967. ; 162:3, s. 651-669
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Zoned eruption deposits commonly show a lower felsic and an upper mafic member, thought to reflect eruption from large, stratified magma chambers. In contrast, the Montaña Reventada composite flow (Tenerife) consists of a lower basanite and a much thicker upper phonolite. A sharp interface separates basanite and phonolite, and chilled margins at this contact indicate the basanite was still hot upon emplacement of the phonolite, i.e. the two magmas erupted in quick succession. Four types of mafic to intermediate inclusions are found in the phonolite. Inclusion textures comprise foamy quenched ones, others with chilled margins and yet others that are physically mingled, reflecting progressive mixing with a decreasing temperature contrast between the end-members. Analysis of basanite, phonolite and inclusions for majors, traces and Sr, Nd and Pb isotopes show the inclusions to be derived from binary mixing of basanite and phonolite end-members in ratios of 2:1 to 4:1. Although, basanite and phonolite magmas were in direct contact, contrasting 206Pb/204Pb ratios show that they are genetically distinct (19.7193(21)–19.7418(31) vs. 19.7671(18)–19.7807(23), respectively). We argue that the Montaña Reventada basanite and phonolite first met just prior to eruption and had limited interaction time only. Montaña Reventada erupted from the transition zone between two plumbing systems, the phonolitic Teide-Pico Viejo complex and the basanitic Northwest rift zone. A rift zone basanite dyke most likely intersected the previously emplaced phonolite magma chamber. This led to eruption of geochemically and texturally unaffected basanite, with the inclusion-rich phonolite subsequently following into the established conduit.
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