| 1. |
- Magrini, L., et al.
(författare)
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The Gaia -ESO survey: Mixing processes in low-mass stars traced by lithium abundance in cluster and field stars
- 2021
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 651
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims. We aim to constrain the mixing processes in low-mass stars by investigating the behaviour of the Li surface abundance after the main sequence. We take advantage of the data from the sixth internal data release of Gaia-ESO, IDR6, and from the Gaia Early Data Release 3, EDR3s. Methods. We selected a sample of main-sequence, sub-giant, and giant stars in which the Li abundance is measured by the Gaia-ESO survey. These stars belong to 57 open clusters with ages from 130 Myr to about 7 Gyr and to Milky Way fields, covering a range in [Fe/H] between -1.0and +0.5 dex, with few stars between -1.0 and -2.5dex. We studied the behaviour of the Li abundances as a function of stellar parameters. We inferred the masses of giant stars in clusters from the main-sequence turn-off masses, and for field stars through comparison with stellar evolution models using a maximum likelihood technique. We compared the observed Li behaviour in field giant stars and in giant stars belonging to individual clusters with the predictions of a set of classical models and of models with mixing induced by rotation and thermohaline instability. Results. The comparison with stellar evolution models confirms that classical models cannot reproduce the observed lithium abundances in the metallicity and mass regimes covered by the data. The models that include the effects of both rotation-induced mixing and thermohaline instability account for the Li abundance trends observed in our sample in all metallicity and mass ranges. The differences between the results of the classical models and of the rotation models largely differ (up to 2 dex), making lithium the best element with which to constrain stellar mixing processes in low-mass stars. We discuss the nature of a sample of Li-rich stars. Conclusions. We demonstrate that the evolution of the surface abundance of Li in giant stars is a powerful tool for constraining theoretical stellar evolution models, allowing us to distinguish the effect of different mixing processes. For stars with well-determined masses, we find a better agreement of observed surface abundances and models with rotation-induced and thermohaline mixing. Rotation effects dominate during the main sequence and the first phases of the post-main-sequence evolution, and the thermohaline induced mixing after the bump in the luminosity function.
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| 2. |
- Stacchiotti, S., et al.
(författare)
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Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, an ultra-rare cancer : a consensus paper from the community of experts
- 2021
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Ingår i: ESMO Open. - : Elsevier BV. - 2059-7029. ; 6:3
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is an ultra-rare, translocated, vascular sarcoma. EHE clinical behavior is variable, ranging from that of a low-grade malignancy to that of a high-grade sarcoma and it is marked by a high propensity for systemic involvement. No active systemic agents are currently approved specifically for EHE, which is typically refractory to the antitumor drugs used in sarcomas. The degree of uncertainty in selecting the most appropriate therapy for EHE patients and the lack of guidelines on the clinical management of the disease make the adoption of new treatments inconsistent across the world, resulting in suboptimal outcomes for many EHE patients. To address the shortcoming, a global consensus meeting was organized in December 2020 under the umbrella of the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) involving >80 experts from several disciplines from Europe, North America and Asia, together with a patient representative from the EHE Group, a global, disease-specific patient advocacy group, and Sarcoma Patient EuroNet (SPAEN). The meeting was aimed at defining, by consensus, evidence-based best practices for the optimal approach to primary and metastatic EHE. The consensus achieved during that meeting is the subject of the present publication.
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| 3. |
- Hompland, Ivar, et al.
(författare)
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Outcome in dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma for patients treated with multimodal therapy : Results from the EUROpean Bone Over 40 Sarcoma Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-8049. ; 151, s. 150-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The role of chemotherapy for patients with dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (DDCS) is still under discussion. Here, we present the outcome in patients with DDCS treated with intensive chemotherapy from the EUROpean Bone Over 40 Sarcoma Study. Materials and methods: The chemotherapy regimen included doxorubicin, ifosfamide and cisplatin. Postoperative methotrexate was added in case of poor histological response. Toxicity was graded based on the National Cancer Institute expanded common toxicity criteria, version 2.0, and survival was analysed using Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank tests and univariate Cox regression models. Results: Fifty-seven patients with DDCS (localised, 34 [60%]; metastatic, 23 [40%]) aged 42–65 years were included. Surgical complete remission (SCR) was achieved in 36 (63%) patients. The median overall survival (OS) was 24 months (95% confidence interval, 22–25), and the 5-year OS was 39%. Patients with extremity localisation had a 5-year OS of 49% compared with 29% in patients with a central tumour (P = 0.08). Patients with localised disease had a 5-year OS of 46%, whereas patients with metastatic disease had a 5-year OS of 29% (P = 0.12). Patients in SCR had a 5-year OS of 49%, whereas patients not in SCR had a 5-year OS of 23% (P = 0.004). Chemotherapy toxicity was considerable but manageable. There was no treatment-related death, and 39 (70%) patients received ≥6 cycles of the planned nine chemotherapy cycles. Conclusions: Adding intensive chemotherapy to surgery for treatment of DDCS is feasible and shows favourable survival data compared with previous reports. With the limitations of data from a non-controlled trial, we conclude that chemotherapy could be considered in the management of patients aged >40 years.
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