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- Voitsekhovitch, I., et al.
(författare)
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Integrated modelling for tokamak plasma: Physics and scenario optimisation
- 2012
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Ingår i: 39th EPS Conference on Plasma Physics 2012, EPS 2012 and the 16th International Congress on Plasma Physics; Stockholm; Sweden; 2 July 2012 through 6 July 2012; Code 96757. - 9781622769810 ; 2, s. 1314-1317
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simulations of JET and AUG HS with the GLF23 model show that the observed core confinement improvement can be partly explained by the beneficial s/q effect on the ITG driven transport while the effect of the ExB shear stabilisation is weaker than in H-mode plasmas. Strong stabilising effect of βe on the ITG turbulence has been found, but the transport reduction due to this effect can be limited by the onset of the KBM mode at high βe. The simulations of toroidal rotation in HS with the GLF23 model give an indication of the toroidal momentum pinch (Pr
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| 5. |
- Chu, M.S., et al.
(författare)
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Response of a resistive and rotating tokamak to external magnetic perturbations below the Alfven frequency
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 51, s. 073036-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Motivated by the recent experimental observation that plasma stability can be improved by external magnetic perturbations, the general problem of plasma response to external magnetic perturbations is investigated. Different (vacuum, ideal and resistive) plasma response models are considered and compared. Plasma response, in experiments where stabilization was achieved, is obtained through computation using the MARS-F code, with a plasma model that includes both plasma resistivity and rotation. The resultant magnetic field line stochasticity is much reduced from that obtained formerly using the vacuum plasma model. This reduced stochasticity is more consistent with the favourable experimental observation of enhanced stability. Examples are given for the response of an ITER plasma to perturbations generated by the correction coils; and the response of a plasma to external coils (antenna) up to the Alfvén frequency.
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| 6. |
- Bang, Casper N., et al.
(författare)
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Systolic left ventricular function according to left ventricular concentricity and dilatation in hypertensive patients : the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Hypertension. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0263-6352 .- 1473-5598. ; 31:10, s. 2060-2068
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Left ventricular hypertrophy [LVH, high left ventricular mass (LVM)] is traditionally classified as concentric or eccentric based on left ventricular relative wall thickness. We evaluated left ventricular systolic function in a new four-group LVH classification based on left ventricular dilatation [high left ventricular end-diastolic volume (EDV) index and concentricity (LVM/EDV(2/3))] in hypertensive patients.Methods and results:Nine hundred thirty-nine participants in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension (LIFE) echocardiography substudy had measurable LVM at enrolment. Patients with LVH (LVM/body surface area 116g/m(2) in men and 96g/m(2) in women) were divided into four groups; eccentric nondilated' (normal LVM/EDV and EDV), eccentric dilated' (increased EDV, normal LVM/EDV), concentric nondilated' (increased LVM/EDV with normal EDV), and concentric dilated' (increased LVM/EDV and EDV) and compared to patients with normal LVM. At baseline, 12% had eccentric nondilated, 20% eccentric dilated, 29% concentric nondilated, and 14% concentric dilated LVH, with normal LVM in 25%. Compared with the concentric nondilated LVH group, those with concentric dilated LVH had significantly lower pulse pressure/stroke index and ejection fraction; higher LVM index, stroke volume, cardiac output, left ventricular midwall shortening, left atrial volume and isovolumic relaxation time; and more had segmental wall motion abnormalities (all P<0.05). Similar differences existed between patients with eccentric dilated and those with eccentric nondilated LVH (all P<0.05). Compared with patients with normal LVM, the eccentric nondilated had higher LV stroke volume, pulse pressure/stroke index, Cornell voltage product and SBP, and lower heart rate and fewer were African-American (all P<0.05).Conclusion:The new four-group classification of LVH identifies dilated subgroups with reduced left ventricular function among patients currently classified with eccentric or concentric LVH.
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| 8. |
- Chapuis, AG, et al.
(författare)
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HIV-specific CD8+ T cells from HIV+ individuals receiving HAART can be expanded ex vivo to augment systemic and mucosal immunity in vivo
- 2011
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 1528-0020 .- 0006-4971. ; 117:20, s. 5391-5402
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most HIV+ individuals require lifelong highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to suppress HIV replication, but fail to eliminate the virus in part because of residual replication in gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT). Naturally elicited HIV-specific CD8+ T cells generated in the acute and chronic infectious phases exhibit antiviral activity, but decrease in number after HAART. Therapeutic vaccines represent a potential strategy to expand cellular responses, although previous efforts have been largely unsuccessful, conceivably because of a lack of responding HIV-specific central-memory CD8+ T cells (Tcm). To determine whether patients receiving HAART possess CD8+ T cells with Tcm qualities that are amenable to augmentation, HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell clones were derived from HIV-reactive CD28+CD8+ T-cell lines isolated from 7 HIV+ HAART-treated patients, expanded ex vivo, and reinfused into their autologous host. Tracking of the cells in vivo revealed that clones could persist for ≥ 84 days, maintain expression and/or re-express CD28, up-regulate CD62L, secrete IL-2, proliferate on cognate Ag encounter and localize to the rectal mucosa. These results suggest some infused cells exhibited phenotypic and functional characteristics shared with Tcm in vivo, and imply that more effective therapeutic vaccination strategies targeting CD8+ Tcm in patients on HAART might provide hosts with expanded, long-lasting immune responses not only systemically but also in GALT. This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00110578.
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- van Leeuwen, Casper H. A., et al.
(författare)
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Hydrology, shore morphology and species traits affect seed dispersal, germination and community assembly in shoreline plant communities
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0022-0477 .- 1365-2745. ; 102:4, s. 998-1007
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. Seed dispersal and germination are two primary processes influencing plant community assembly. On freshwater shores, water levels regulate both processes. However, it is still unclear how water levels, shore morphology and species traits interactively affect seed dispersal and germination, and how these interactions determine plant community assembly. We hypothesize that a drawdown water regime enhances seed establishment compared to a year-round stable water level, that this increases species richness and diversity, and that this is modulated by species traits and shore morphology. 2. Germination of 20 wetland plant species with different dispersal capacities (floating capacity expressed as seed floatation half-time) and soil moisture preferences for germination (Ellenberg F) was tested on artificial shores in 24 outdoor ponds in two complementary experiments over 8 weeks. The 'dispersal experiment' tested the effect of water regime on recruitment of hydrochorously dispersing seeds. The 'seed bank experiment' tested the effect of water regime on germination from a sown seed bank, on steep and gradual shores. 3. In the dispersal experiment, the drawdown regime increased recruitment and species richness. Longer floating species colonized a larger shoreline section. Soil moisture preference for germination did not determine colonization patterns. 4. In the seed bank experiment, the drawdown regime increased the number of seedlings on gradual sloping shores, but not on steep shores. The number of germinating seedlings corresponded to the area subjected to the drawdown regime in both shore types. Species richness was not affected by water regime or shore morphology, and species traits did not determine shoreline colonization. Most seeds germinated in moist soil conditions for all species. 5. Synthesis. A spring drawdown instead of stable water regime stimulates establishment of hydrochorously dispersing seeds in temperate wetlands, leading to higher species richness and diversity. Germination from the seed bank is more affected by water regime and shore surface than by the tested species traits. Species traits, water levels and shore morphology together determine wetland plant community assembly, with dispersal as the main driver of seedling community diversity. Water-level regulations and shore morphology can be used to influence plant communities in wetland restoration.
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