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- Gudnadottir, Gunnhildur, et al.
(författare)
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Healthcare provider contact for children with symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing: a population survey.
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Journal of laryngology and otology. - 1748-5460. ; 130:3, s. 296-301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing in children, such as frequent snoring, apnoea and choking, may lead to health problems if untreated. The caregiver's level of awareness of these symptoms has been poorly studied. This study aimed to study healthcare provider contact related to sleep-disordered breathing symptoms in a population of children aged 0-11 years.
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- Brooke, Darby G., et al.
(författare)
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Antifouling activity of portimine, select semisynthetic analogues, and other microalga-derived spirocyclic imines
- 2018
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Ingår i: Biofouling. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0892-7014 .- 1029-2454. ; 34:8, s. 950-961
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. A range of natural products from marine invertebrates, bacteria and fungi have been assessed as leads for nature-inspired antifouling (AF) biocides, but little attention has been paid to microalgal-derived compounds. This study assessed the AF activity of the spirocyclic imine portimine (1), which is produced by the benthic mat-forming dinoflagellate Vulcanodinium rugosum. Portimine displayed potent AF activity in a panel of four macrofouling bioassays (EC 50 0.06–62.5 ng ml −1 ), and this activity was distinct from that of the related compounds gymnodimine-A (2), 13-desmethyl spirolide C (3), and pinnatoxin-F (4). The proposed mechanism of action for portimine is induction of apoptosis, based on the observation that portimine inhibited macrofouling organisms at developmental stages known to involve apoptotic processes. Semisynthetic modification of select portions of the portimine molecule was subsequently undertaken. Observed changes in bioactivity of the resulting semisynthetic analogues of portimine were consistent with portimine’s unprecedented 5-membered imine ring structure playing a central role in its AF activity.
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- Cervin, Nicholas Tchang, et al.
(författare)
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Strong, Water-Durable, and Wet-Resilient Cellulose Nanofibril-Stabilized Foams from Oven Drying
- 2016
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 8:18, s. 11682-11689
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Porous materials from cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) have been prepared using Pickering foams from aqueous dispersions. Stable wet foams were first produced using surface-modified CNFs as stabilizing particles. To better maintain the homogeneous pore structure of the foam after drying, the foams were dried in an oven on a liquid-filled porous ceramic frit. The cell structure was studied by scanning electron microscopy and liquid porosimetry, the mechanical properties were studied by compression testing, and the liquid absorption capacity was determined both with liquid porosimetry and by soaking in water. By controlling the charge density of the CNFs, it was possible to prepare dry foams with different densities, the lowest density being 6 kg m(-3), that is, a porosity of 99.6%. For a foam with a density of 200 kg m(-3) the compressive Young's modulus was 50 MPa and the energy absorption to 70% strain was 2.3 MJ M-3. The use of chemically modified CNFs made it possible to prepare cross-linked foams with water-durable and wet-resilient properties. These foams absorbed liquid up to 34 times their own weight and were able to release this liquid under compression and to reabsorb the same amount when the pressure was released.
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- Dawson, Blake, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of nasal lavage with betamethasone cream post-endoscopic sinus surgery : clinical trial
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Laryngology and Otology. - 0022-2151. ; 132:2, s. 143-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Steroid nasal irrigation for chronic rhinosinusitis patients following endoscopic sinus surgery reduces symptom recurrence. There are minimal safety data to recommend this treatment. This study evaluated the safety of betamethasone nasal irrigation by measuring its impact on endogenous cortisol levels. Methods: Participants performed daily betamethasone nasal irrigation for six weeks. The impact on pre- and post-intervention serum and 24-hour urinary free cortisol was assessed. Efficacy was evaluated using the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test. Results: Thirty participants completed the study (16 females and 14 males; mean age = 53.9 ± 15.6 years). Serum cortisol levels were unchanged (p = 0.28). However, 24-hour urinary free cortisol levels decreased (47.5 vs 41.5 nmol per 24 hours; p = 0.025). Sino-Nasal Outcome Test scores improved (41.13 ± 21.94 vs 23.4 ± 18.17; p < 0.001). The minimal clinical important difference was reached in 63 per cent of participants. Conclusion: Daily betamethasone nasal irrigation is an efficacious treatment modality not associated with changes in morning serum cortisol levels. The changes in 24-hour urinary free cortisol levels are considered clinically negligible. Hence, continued use of betamethasone nasal irrigation remains a viable and safe treatment option for chronic rhinosinusitis patients following functional endoscopic sinus surgery.
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- Moodie, Lindon W. K., et al.
(författare)
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Prevention of Marine Biofouling Using the Natural Allelopathic Compound Batatasin-Ill and Synthetic Analogues
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Natural Products. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0163-3864 .- 1520-6025. ; 80:7, s. 2001-2011
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study reports the first comprehensive evaluation of a class of allelopathic terrestrial natural products as antifoulants in a marine setting. To investigate the antifouling potential of the natural dihydrostilbene scaffold, a library of 22 synthetic dihydrostilbenes with varying substitution patterns, many of which occur naturally in terrestrial plants, were prepared and assessed for their antifouling capacity. The compounds were evaluated in an extensive screen against 16 fouling marine organisms. The dihydrostilbene scaffold was shown to possess powerful general antifouling effects against both marine microfoulers and macrofoulers with inhibitory activities at low concentrations. The species of microalgae examined displayed a particular sensitivity toward the evaluated compounds at low ng/mL concentrations. It was shown that several of the natural and synthetic compounds exerted their repelling activities via nontoxic and reversible mechanisms. The activities of the most active compounds such as 3,5-dimethoxybibenzyl (5), 3,4-dimethoxybibenzyl (9), and 3-hyolroxy-3',4,5'-trirnethoxybibenzyl (20) were comparable to the commercial antifouling booster biocide. Sea-nine, which was employed as a positive control. The investigation of terrestrial allelopathic natural products to counter marine fouling represents a novel strategy for the design of "green" antifouling technologies, and these compounds offer a potential alternative to traditional biocidal antifoulants.
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- Mushi, Ngesa Ezekiel Zekiel, et al.
(författare)
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Nanostructurally Controlled Hydrogel Based on Small-Diameter Native Chitin Nanofibers : Preparation, Structure, and Properties
- 2016
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Ingår i: ChemSusChem. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 1864-5631 .- 1864-564X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chitin nanofibers of unique structure and properties can be obtained from crustacean and fishery waste. These chitin nanofibers have roughly 4nm diameters, aspect ratios between 25-250, a high degree of acetylation and preserved crystallinity, and can be potentially applied in hydrogels. Hydrogels with a chitin nanofiber content of 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0wt% were successfully prepared. The methodology for preparation is new, environmentally friendly, and simple as gelation is induced by neutralization of the charged colloidal mixture, inducing precipitation and secondary bond interaction between nanofibers. Pore structure and pore size distributions of corresponding aerogels are characterized using auto-porosimetry, revealing a substantial fraction of nanoscale pores. To the best of our knowledge, the values for storage (13kPa at 3wt%) and compression modulus (309kPa at 2wt%) are the highest reported for chitin nanofibers hydrogels.
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