| 1. |
- Kadhum, Safaa A., et al.
(författare)
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Multivariate analysis and geochemical assessment of heavy metals pollution in surface sediment from euphrates river, Iraq
- 2020
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Ingår i: Pollution Research. - India : EM International. - 0257-8050. ; 39:November Suppl. Issue, s. S262-S267
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heavy metals and physical-chemical parameters in surface sediment were collected from twelve sites in the Euphrates river, Iraq, during October, and November of 2018. The high level of Cd and Pb concentrations were recorded in Basrah city and the highest Zn concentration was found in Shamiyah city, in case the Cu level was high in Kafel city. The pollution load index (PLI) for heavy metals concentrations in surface sediment refers to the high levels of attention, suggests baseline polluted conditions for all sites river. The multivariate analysis showed a different relationship between heavy metals, TOM, and pH which was TOM play role in increasing the Zn, Pb, and Cu, and these elements were from different sources such as anthropogenic and agriculture activities.
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| 2. |
- Chabuk, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Water quality assessment along Tigris River (Iraq) using water quality index (WQI) and GIS software
- 2020
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Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - Switzerland : Springer. - 1866-7511 .- 1866-7538. ; 13:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most of the third world countries having rivers passing through them suffer from the water contaminant problem. This problem is considered so difficult to get the water quality within the standard allowable limits for drinking, as well as for industrial and agricultural purposes. This research aims to assess the water quality of the Tigris River using the water quality index method and GIS software. Twelve parameters (Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, SO4, HCO3, TH, TDS, BOD5, NO3, and EC) were taken from 14 stations along the river. The weighted arithmetic method was applied to compute the water quality index (WQI). The interpolation method (IDW) was applied in ArcGIS 10.5 to produce the prediction maps for 12 parameters at 11 stations along the Tigris River during the wet and dry seasons in 2016. The regression prediction was applied on three stations in the Tigris River between observed values and predicted values, from the prediction maps, in both seasons. The results showed that the regression prediction for all parameters was given the acceptable values of the determination coefficient (R2). Furthermore, the state of water quality for the Tigris River was degraded downstream of the Tigris River, especially at the station (8) in Aziziyah in the wet and dry seasons and increase degradation clearly at Qurnah (Basrah province) in the south of Iraq. This paper considers the whole length of the Tigris River for the study. This is important to give comprehensive knowledge about the contamination reality of the river. Such that it becomes easier to understand the problem of contamination, analyze it, and then find the suitable treatments and solutions.
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| 3. |
- Maliki, Ali A. A., et al.
(författare)
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Estimation of Total Dissolved Solids in Water Bodies by Spectral Indices Case Study : Shatt al-Arab River
- 2020
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Ingår i: Water, Air and Soil Pollution. - Germany : Springer. - 0049-6979 .- 1573-2932. ; 231:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, the problem of rising salinity levels in the Shatt al-Arab river in southern Iraq has been repeated, which has directly affected the living and health situation and the agricultural activity of these areas. Six sampling stations were selected along Shatt al-Arab to estimate the concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS) in the river; these stations included the following: Qurna, Labani, City Centre, Kateban, Corniche, and Sihan. In addition, three Landsat-8 satellite images which were taken at the same time as collected samples also used for detecting the salinity in the river. After processing of atmospheric correction and inserted remote sensing indices, the reflectance of water extracted from satellite images was used to express the spectral characteristics of different TDS concentrations. Correlation and regression were used to obtain accurate models for detecting the salinity depending on the spectral reflectance of Landsat 8 operational land image OLI. The results presented Pearson correlation (r) value of 0.70, 0.97, and 0.71, and correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.56, 0.94, and 0.85 between field data with spectral data of salinity index 2 (SI-2) derived from the green and blue bands of Landsat obtained in 2015, 2017, and 2018 respectively. In conclusion, remote sensing and GIS technologies coupled with spectral modeling are useful tools for providing a solution of future water resources planning and management, and also offer great undertaking as a means to improve knowledge of water quality and support water decision making.
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| 4. |
- Al-Madhlom, Qais, et al.
(författare)
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Potential use of UTES in Babylon Governorate, Iraq
- 2020
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Ingår i: Groundwater for Sustainable Development. - : Elsevier. - 2352-801X. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a global attention that the future energy systems will be based on renewable energy like solar and wind. The large-scale utilization of renewables in space heating and cooling requires large Thermal Energy Storage TES to overcome the varying supply and demand. The process of producing the best Underground Thermal Energy Storage UTES system pass through two steps: first, finding the best type of UTES system, second, finding the best locations to install UTES system. Both of these two steps depend extremely on the site specific parameters such that the depth to the groundwater, transmissivity, type of soil, the depth to the bedrock, and seepage velocity. The purpose of this paper is to explain some of the site specific parameters that the type of UTES-system depends on and explain the suitable type of UTES systems. This study considers Babylon province (Iraq) as study area. This province has electricity deficiency due to Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning HVAC applications. The methodology of this study includes reviewing the literature that consider the study area, and using Arc Map/GIS to visualize some of the in-site parameters. The results indicate that the best type of UTES system for the considered region is either aquifer or pit type, due to the type of the soil and the depth to the crystalline bedrock. The hydraulic conductivity and the seepage velocity in the considered region are (0.0023–2.5) m/d and (1.3 × 10−6 – 3.45 × 10−3) m/d respectively. These conditions satisfy the standards which regard aquifer type.
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