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- Ederle, Joerg, et al.
(författare)
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Carotid artery stenting compared with endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis (International Carotid Stenting Study): an interim analysis of a randomised controlled trial
- 2010
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X. ; 375:9719, s. 985-997
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Stents are an alternative treatment to carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis, but previous trials have not established equivalent safety and efficacy. We compared the safety of carotid artery stenting with that of carotid endarterectomy. Methods The International Carotid Stenting Study (ICSS) is a multicentre, international, randomised controlled trial with blinded adjudication of outcomes. Patients with recently symptomatic carotid artery stenosis were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive carotid artery stenting or carotid endarterectomy. Randomisation was by telephone call or fax to a central computerised service and was stratified by centre with minimisation for sex, age, contralateral occlusion, and side of the randomised artery. Patients and investigators were not masked to treatment assignment. Patients were followed up by independent clinicians not directly involved in delivering the randomised treatment. The primary outcome measure of the trial is the 3-year rate of fatal or disabling stroke in any territory, which has not been analysed yet. The main outcome measure for the interim safety analysis was the 120-day rate of stroke, death, or procedural myocardial infarction. Analysis was by intention to treat (ITT). This study is registered, number ISRCTN25337470. Findings The trial enrolled 1713 patients (stenting group, n=855; endarterectomy group, n=858). Two patients in the stenting group and one in the endarterectomy group withdrew immediately after randomisation, and were not included in the ITT analysis. Between randomisation and 120 days, there were 34 (Kaplan-Meier estimate 4.0%) events of disabling stroke or death in the stenting group compared with 27 (3.2%) events in the endarterectomy group (hazard ratio [HR] 1.28, 95% CI 0.77-2.11). The incidence of stroke, death, or procedural myocardial infarction was 8.5% in the stenting group compared with 5.2% in the endarterectomy group (72 vs 44 events; HR 1.69, 1.16-2.45, p=0.006), Risks of any stroke (65 vs 35 events; HR 1.92, 1.27-2.89) and all-cause death (19 vs seven events; HR 2.76, 1.16-6.56) were higher in the stenting group than in the endarterectomy group. Three procedural myocardial infarctions were recorded in the stenting group, all of which were fatal, compared with four, all non-fatal, in the endarterectomy group. There was one event of cranial nerve palsy in the stenting group compared with 45 in the endarterectomy group. There were also fewer haematomas of any severity in the stenting group than in the endarterectomy group (31 vs 50 events; p=0.0197). Interpretation Completion of long-term follow-up is needed to establish the efficacy of carotid artery stenting compared with endarterectomy. In the meantime, carotid endarterectomy should remain the treatment of choice for patients suitable for surgery.
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| 6. |
- Engberg, GR, et al.
(författare)
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Transplantation of autologous minced bladder mucosa for a one-step reconstruction of a tissue engineered bladder conduit
- 2013
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Ingår i: BioMed research international. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2314-6141 .- 2314-6133. ; 2013, s. 212734-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surgical intervention is sometimes needed to create a conduit from the abdominal wall to the bladder for self-catheterization. We developed a method for tissue engineering a conduit for bladder emptying withoutin vitrocell culturing as a one-step procedure. In a porcine animal model bladder, wall tissue was excised and the mucosa was minced to small particles. The particles were attached to a tube in a 1 : 3 expansion rate with fibrin glue and transplanted back by attaching the tube to the bladder and through the abdominal wall. Sham served as controls. After 4-5 weeks, conduits were assessed in respect to macroscopic and microscopic appearance in 6 pigs. Two pigs underwent radiology before termination. Gross examination revealed a patent conduit with an opening to the bladder. Histology and immunostaining showed a multilayered transitional uroepithelium in all cases. Up to 89% of the luminal surface area was neoepithelialized but with a loose attachment to the submucosa. No epithelium was found in control animals. CT imaging revealed a patent channel that could be used for filling and emptying the bladder. Animals that experienced surgical complications did not form conduits. Minced autologous bladder mucosa can be transplanted around a tubular mold to create a conduit to the urinary bladder withoutin vitroculturing.
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| 7. |
- Gutierrez, A, et al.
(författare)
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Hardware-in-the-Loop based SysML for Model and Control Design of Interleaved Boost Converters
- 2014
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Ingår i: 2014 IEEE 15TH WORKSHOP ON CONTROL AND MODELING FOR POWER ELECTRONICS (COMPEL). - : IEEE.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper outlines the application of the HiLeS-RCP (High Level Specification of Embedded Systems - Rich Client Platform) to model and design controllers of interleaved boost converters using the Systems Modelling Language (SysML). HiLeS-RCP allows the transformation from SysML models to Petri nets for implementation in embedded hardware. As a result, these models based on SysML can be used in Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL)applications. In addition, the formal transformation from SysML to Petri nets is intended for structural analysis of the designed controllers in order to avoid undesired behaviours after implementation. As a case of study, HiLeS-RCP is used to model and design a supervisory controller for interleaved boost converters. This supervisory controller is implemented in FPGA; furthermore, embedded real time tools are used to evaluate the supervisory controller performance. Finally, experimental results show that the proposed methodology based on SysML and Petri nets is suitable to design controllers for interleaved boost converters.
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| 8. |
- Gutierrez, A., et al.
(författare)
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Supervisory Control for Interleaved Boost Converters using HiLeS-Designer
- 2014
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Ingår i: 2014 16TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON POWER ELECTRONICS AND APPLICATIONS (EPE'14-ECCE EUROPE). - : IEEE Press.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the application of HiLeS (High Level Specification of Embedded Systems) formalism to design a supervisory controller based on FPGA for interleaved boost converters. This controller is intended to increase the versatility and efficiency of interleaved boost converters. Furthermore, the proposed supervisory controller uses Petri nets for structural analysis and stability. HiLeS-Designer tool, which is a platform based on HiLeS formalism, is used to design and implement the supervisory controller in embedded hardware. This approach uses the digital component of VHDL-AMS code generated by the HiLeS-Designer tool to implement the supervisory controller in FPGA. Simulations and experimental results show that the proposed control strategy increases the operating range and efficiency of interleaved boost converters.
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| 9. |
- Mirez, J. L., et al.
(författare)
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Energy management of distributed resources in microgrids
- 2014
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Ingår i: 2014 IEEE 5th Colombian Workshop on Circuits and Systems, CWCAS 2014 - Conference Proceedings. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781479968381
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rapid increase in the integration of distributed resources such as distributed generation (DG), demand response (DR) and electricity storage (ES) requires management schemes to integrate distributed resources into low and medium electricity networks. Energy management represents a challenge for operation of electric grids when distributed resources are merged into the network. This paper address the energy management of distributes resources considering a complete characterization of them. The feasibility of those resources is considered into a microgrid model, so, the distributed resources are integrated through of a microgrid. This paper proposes the integration of distributed resources using a microgrid concept because there are relevant advantages of this model. The operational advantages are evident from the results. The results show how effectively different energy resources can be managed into the grid in the most efficient way.
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- Nicolas, Manuel, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the qualitative and quantitative effectiveness of three media of centrifugation (Maxifreeze, Cushion Fluid Equine, and PureSperm 100) in preparation of fresh or frozen-thawed brown bear spermatozoa.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Theriogenology. - : Elsevier. - 0093-691X .- 1879-3231. ; 77:6, s. 1119-1128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Centrifugation is a crucial procedure in sperm cryopreservation protocols of brown bear (Ursus arctos), because the semen must be processed to increase sperm concentration and/or clean urine-contaminated samples. The efficacy of three media for centrifugation (Maxifreeze [IMV technologies, L'Aigle, France], Cushion Fluid Equine (Minitübe, Tiefenbach, Germany), and PureSperm [Nidacon, Gothenburg, Sweden]) on the quality of bear spermatozoa was evaluated. In experiment one, two cushioned media used for protecting against mechanical stress during centrifugation were analyzed. In experiment two, a density gradient based on PureSperm was assessed in relation to the maximum retrieval and the quality of fresh spermatozoa, and the freezability of the spermatozoa selected in this density gradient was studied in experiment three. Finally, the selection of frozen-thawed sperm using PureSperm was analyzed in experiment four. Our results indicate that the use of dense isotonic cushion solutions (Maxifreeze, Cushion Fluid Equine) in centrifugation did not improve the quality of recovered spermatozoa compared with standard centrifugation. However, a density gradient prepared with PureSperm improved the quality of spermatozoa in fresh semen and frozen-thawed semen, but the spermatozoa selected from the fresh sample with this density gradient did not show a better resistance to freezing with this density gradient in comparison with the control sample.
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