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| 2. |
- Aldridge, Ruth E., et al.
(författare)
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Eosinophil peroxidase produces hypobromous acid in the airways of stable asthmatics
- 2002
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Ingår i: Free Radical Biology & Medicine. - 0891-5849 .- 1873-4596. ; 33:6, s. 847-856
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eosinophil peroxidase and myeloperoxidase use hydrogen peroxide to produce hypobromous acid and hypochlorous acid. These powerful oxidants may damage the lungs if they are produced as part of the inflammatory response in asthma. The aim of this study was to determine if peroxidases generate hypohalous acids in the airways of individuals with stable asthma, and if they affect lung function. Sputum was induced from patients with mild to moderate asthma and from healthy controls. Eosinophil peroxidase, myeloperoxidase, chlorinated and brominated tyrosyl residues, and protein carbonyls were measured in sputum supernatants. Eosinophil peroxidase protein was significantly elevated in asthmatic subjects whereas myeloperoxidase protein was not. There was significantly more 3-bromotyrosine (Br-Tyr) in proteins from the sputum of asthmatics compared to controls (0.79 vs. 0.23 mmol Br-Tyr/mol Tyr; medians p < .0001). Levels of 3-chlorotyrosine (0.23 vs. 0.14 mmol Cl-Tyr/mol Tyr; medians p = .11) and protein carbonyls (0.347 vs. 0.339 nmol/mg protein; medians p = .56) were not significantly increased in asthmatics. Levels of 3-bromotyrosine were strongly correlated with eosinophil peroxidase protein (r = 0.79, p < .0001). There were no significant correlations between the markers of oxidative stress and lung function. We conclude that eosinophil peroxidase produces substantial amounts of hypobromous acid in the airways of stable asthmatics. Although this highly reactive oxidant is a strong candidate for exacerbating inflammatory tissue damage in the lung, its role in asthma remains uncertain.
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- Bakajin, O., et al.
(författare)
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Separation of 100-kilobase DNA molecules in 10 seconds
- 2001
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Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0003-2700 .- 1520-6882. ; 73:24, s. 6053-6056
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long double-stranded DNA molecules were separated in microfabricated hexagonal arrays in less than 1 min, several orders of magnitude faster than by using conventional technology. DNA samples were first concentrated at the entrance to the array in a thin band by entropic focusing. They were then separated by pulsed field electrophoresis. T4 (168.9 kbp) and λ (48.5 kbp) DNAs could be resolved into two clearly separated bands in ∼10 s in these experiments. This corresponds to a mass resolution of 6% in 11 min in a 1-cm-long array.
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| 4. |
- Noterdaeme, J. M., et al.
(författare)
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Spatially resolved toroidal plasma rotation with ICRF on JET
- 2003
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 43:4, s. 274-289
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plasmas heated by ICRF only in the JET tokamak show distinct structures in the toroidal rotation profile, with regions where domega/dr > 0 when the minority cyclotron resonance layer is far off-axis. The rotation is dominantly co-current with a clear off-axis maximum. There is only a slight difference between a high-field side (HFS) or a low-field side position of this resonance layer: the off-axis maximum in the rotation profile is modestly higher for the HFS position. This is in contrast to the predictions of theories that rely mainly on the effects arising from ICRF-driven fast ions to account for ICRF-induced plasma rotation. The differences due to the direction of the antenna spectrum (co- or counter-) are small. A more central deposition of the ICRF power in L-mode and operation in H-mode both lead to more centrally peaked profiles, both in the co-direction. Strong MHD modes brake the rotation and lead to overall flat rotation profiles.
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| 6. |
- Al-Zubaidy, M. N., et al.
(författare)
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Properties of orthotropic glass-polypropylene composites manufactured by weaving of prepreg tapes and other routes
- 2000
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Ingår i: Plastics, Rubber and Composites Processing and Applications. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0959-8111. ; 29:10, s. 520-526
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports a study of the melt impregnation and weaving of glass-polypropylene prepreg tapes into sheet for use as a precursor for pressed thermoplastic composite products and a comparison of the properties attainable with those achievable by other comparable routes. Melt impregnation has been used successfully to manufacture well impregnated tapes, with and without internal coupling agent. It appears that weaving could be an economically viable process for converting unidirectional tape into a conformable, press formable prepreg. The properties of glass-polypropylene laminates manufactured by pressing the tape woven product were compared with those of other glass-polypropylene composites, including crossply laminate made from Plytron and samples prepared by film stacking. Quasi-static mechanical properties were found to be comparable with those of Plytron and superior to those of the other materials. In the coupled samples, coupling was somewhat less effective than in Plytron. The impact behaviour of the pressed, tape woven products was impressive and superior to any of the other materials tested. © 2000 IoM Communications Ltd.
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| 9. |
- Chan, Kuei-Yuan, et al.
(författare)
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Propagation of Uncertainty in Optimal Design of Multilevel Systems : Piston-Ring/Cylinder-Liner Case Study
- 2004
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Ingår i: 2004 SAE world congress. - Warrendale, Pa : Society of Automotive Engineers, Incorporated.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposes an approach for optimal design of multilevel systems under uncertainty. The approach utilizes the stochastic extension of the analytical target cascading formulation. The reliability of satisfying the probabilistic constraints is computed by means of the most probable point method using the hybrid mean value algorithm. A linearization technique is employed for estimating the propagation of uncertainties throughout the problem hierarchy. The proposed methodology is applied to a piston-ring/cylinder-liner engine subassembly design problem. Specifically, we assess the impact of variations in manufacturing-related properties such as surface roughness on engine attributes such as brake-specific fuel consumption. Results are compared to the ones obtained using Monte Carlo simulation.
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