| 1. |
- Kininmonth, Stuart, et al.
(författare)
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Microeconomic relationships between and among fishers and traders influence the ability to respond to social-ecological changes in a small-scale fishery
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ecology & Society. - 1708-3087. ; 22:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the cross-scale nature of how natural resource trading links to local extraction patterns remains a topic of great relevance to stewardship and sustainable use of ecological systems. Microeconomic influences on a society's pattern of small-scale natural resources utilization can exacerbate resource overuse, especially under increased population pressure. In many rural communities that are based on a limited diversity of resource industries, quantifying the response of extractors and traders to market and environmental fluctuations is critical to understanding management constraints. We examine the fishing practices of a small lake in Uganda, East Africa, from the dual perspectives of the traders and the fishers using a Bayesian Belief Network approach based on detailed interview surveys. Fishers in this small lake target Nile perch (Lates niloticus) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), two fish species of high commercial and food security significance in East Africa. We combined data on financial, social, and ecological systems to understand how aspects of trading quantitatively relate to fish extraction patterns in Lake Nabugabo Uganda. Importantly, we find that the patron-client type relationships generate incentives to extract specific fish, whereas freelancer independent fishers are able to create responsive and flexible extraction practices that match market and environmental fluctuations. Management of fishing administered by local Beach Management Units will likely have a higher probability of success when in synchrony with trading relationships and ecological dynamics. We use this study in Uganda to reflect on methodological challenges and opportunities of combining multiple types of data sets for cross-scale analysis of social-ecological system dynamics.
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| 2. |
- Chapman, Colin Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Experimenter gender and replicability in science
- 2018
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Ingår i: Science Advances. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 2375-2548. ; 4:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a replication crisis spreading through the annals of scientific inquiry. Although some work has been carried out to uncover the roots of this issue, much remains unanswered. With this in mind, this paper investigates how the gender of the experimenter may affect experimental findings. Clinical trials are regularly carried out without any report of the experimenter's gender and with dubious knowledge of its influence. Consequently, significant biases caused by the experimenter's gender may lead researchers to conclude that therapeutics or other interventions are either overtreating or undertreating a variety of conditions. Bearing this in mind, this policy paper emphasizes the importance of reporting and controlling for experimenter gender in future research. As backdrop, it explores what we know about the role of experimenter gender in influencing laboratory results, suggests possible mechanisms, and suggests future areas of inquiry.
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| 3. |
- Chapman, Colin D, et al.
(författare)
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Intranasal insulin in Alzheimer's disease : food for thought
- 2018
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Ingår i: Neuropharmacology. - : Elsevier. - 0028-3908 .- 1873-7064. ; 136, s. 196-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accumulating evidence suggests that disrupted brain insulin signaling promotes the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), driving clinicians to target this circuitry. While both traditional and more modern antidiabetics show promise in combating insulin resistance, intranasal insulin appears to be the most efficient method of boosting brain insulin. Furthermore, intranasal delivery elegantly avoids adverse effects from peripheral insulin administration. However, there remain significant open questions regarding intranasal insulin's efficacy, safety, and potential as an adjunct or mono-therapy. Thus, this review aims to critically evaluate the present evidence and future potential of intranasal insulin as a meaningful treatment for AD.
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| 4. |
- Chapman, Colin Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Sex matters : Report experimenter gender
- 2017
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Ingår i: Science. - : AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE. - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 356:6341, s. 916-917
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Grüning, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Bioconda: A sustainable and comprehensive software distribution for the life sciences
- 2017
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We present Bioconda (https://bioconda.github.io), a distribution of bioinformatics software for the lightweight, multi-platform and language-agnostic package manager Conda. Currently, Bioconda offers a collection of over 3000 software packages, which is continuously maintained, updated, and extended by a growing global community of more than 200 contributors. Bioconda improves analysis reproducibility by allowing users to define isolated environments with defined software versions, all of which are easily installed and managed without administrative privileges.
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| 7. |
- Marsland, Finn, et al.
(författare)
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Full course macro-kinematic analysis of a 10 km classical cross-country skiing competition
- 2017
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 12:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study micro-sensors were employed to analyse macro-kinematic parameters during a classical cross-country skiing competition (10 km, 2-lap). Data were collected from eight male participants during the Australian championship competition wearing a single microsensor unit (MinimaxX (TM), S4) positioned on their upper back. Algorithms and visual classification were used to identify skiing sub-techniques and calculate velocities, cycle lengths (CL) and cycle rates (CR) over the entire course. Double poling (DP) was the predominant cyclical sub-technique utilised (43 +/- 5% of total distance), followed by diagonal stride (DS, 16 +/- 4%) and kick double poling (KDP, 5 +/- 4%), with the non-propulsive Tuck technique accounting for 24 +/- 4% of the course. Large within-athlete variances in CL and CR occurred, particularly for DS (CV% = 25 +/- 2% and CV% = 15 +/- 2%, respectively). For all sub-techniques the mean CR on both laps and for the slower and faster skiers were similar, while there was a trend for the mean velocities in all sub-techniques by the faster athletes to be higher. Overall velocity and mean DP-CL were significantly higher on Lap 1, with no significant change in KDP-CL or DS-CL between laps. Distinct individual velocity thresholds for transitions between sub-techniques were observed. Clearly, valuable insights into cross-country skiing performance can be gained through continuous macro-kinematic monitoring during competition.
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| 8. |
- Tan, Xiao, et al.
(författare)
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Aiding sleep in type 2 diabetes : therapeutic considerations
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology. - 2213-8587 .- 2213-8595. ; 6:1, s. 60-68
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Insomnia and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) are more prevalent in patients with type 2 diabetes than in the general population. Both insomnia and OSA have been linked to cardiometabolic alterations (eg, hypertension, increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system, and systemic insulin resistance) that can exacerbate the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Improvement of sleep in patients with diabetes could therefore aid the treatment of diabetes. To help health practitioners choose the best clinical tool to improve their patients' sleep without detrimentally affecting glucose regulation, this Review critically analyses the effects of common treatments for insomnia and OSA on both sleep and glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes. These treatments include pharmaceutical sleep aids (eg, benzodiazepine receptor agonists, melatonin) and cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia, continuous positive airway pressure for OSA, and lifestyle interventions.
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| 9. |
- Tan, Xiao, et al.
(författare)
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Association between long sleep duration and increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes : A review of possible mechanisms
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sleep Medicine Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 1087-0792 .- 1532-2955. ; 40, s. 127-134
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the last two decades research has revealed an alarming association between short sleep duration and metabolic disorders. In tandem, the hormonal, behavioral, and genetic mechanisms underlying this relationship have been extensively investigated and reviewed. However, emerging evidence is revealing that excessive sleep duration has remarkably similar deleterious effects. Unfortunately, to date there has been little attention to what drives this connection. This narrative review therefore aims to summarize existing epidemiological findings, experimental work, and most importantly putative molecular and behavioral mechanisms connecting excessive sleep duration with both obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It will also address recent findings suggesting a worrisome bidirectional effect such that metabolic disorders create a positive feedback loop which further perpetuates excessive sleep.
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