| 1. |
- Hillier, Ladeana W, et al.
(författare)
-
Sequence and comparative analysis of the chicken genome provide unique perspectives on vertebrate evolution
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 432:7018, s. 695-716
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present here a draft genome sequence of the red jungle fowl, Gallus gallus. Because the chicken is a modern descendant of the dinosaurs and the first non-mammalian amniote to have its genome sequenced, the draft sequence of its genome--composed of approximately one billion base pairs of sequence and an estimated 20,000-23,000 genes--provides a new perspective on vertebrate genome evolution, while also improving the annotation of mammalian genomes. For example, the evolutionary distance between chicken and human provides high specificity in detecting functional elements, both non-coding and coding. Notably, many conserved non-coding sequences are far from genes and cannot be assigned to defined functional classes. In coding regions the evolutionary dynamics of protein domains and orthologous groups illustrate processes that distinguish the lineages leading to birds and mammals. The distinctive properties of avian microchromosomes, together with the inferred patterns of conserved synteny, provide additional insights into vertebrate chromosome architecture.
|
|
| 2. |
- Carolipio, E. M., et al.
(författare)
-
The toroidicity-induced Alfven eigenmode structure in DIII-D : Implications of soft x-ray and beam-ion loss data
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Physics of Plasmas. - : AIP Publishing. - 1070-664X .- 1089-7674. ; 8:7, s. 3391-3401
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The internal structure of the toroidicity-induced Alfven eigenmode (TAE) is studied by comparing soft x-ray profile and beam ion loss data taken during TAE activity in the DIII-D tokamak [W. W. Heidbrink , Nucl. Fusion 37, 1411 (1997)] with predictions from theories based on ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD), gyrofluid, and gyrokinetic models. The soft x-ray measurements indicate a centrally peaked eigenfunction, a feature which is closest to the gyrokinetic model's prediction. The beam ion losses are simulated using a guiding center code. In the simulations, the TAE eigenfunction calculated using the ideal MHD model acts as a perturbation to the equilibrium field. The predicted beam ion losses are an order of magnitude less than the observed similar to6%-8% losses at the peak experimental amplitude of deltaB(r)/B(0)similar or equal to2-5x10(-4).
|
|
| 3. |
- Mason, M.G., et al.
(författare)
-
Interfacial chemistry of Alq3 and LiF with reactive metals
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 89:5, s. 2756-2765
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electronic structure and chemistry of interfaces between tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) and representative group IA and IIA metals, Al, and Al/LiF have been studied by x-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopies. Quantum-chemical calculations at the density functional theory level predict that the Alq3 radical anion is formed upon reaction with the alkali metals. In this case, up to three metal atoms can react with a given Alq3 molecule to form the trivalent anion. The anion formation results in a splitting of the N 1 s core level and formation of a new feature in the previously forbidden energy gap. Virtually identical spectra are observed in the Al/LiF/Alq3 system, leading to the conclusion that the radical anion is also formed when all three of these constituents are present. This is support by a simple thermodynamic model based on bulk heats of formation. In the absence of LiF or similar material, the reaction of Al with Alq3 appears to be destructive, with the deposited Al reacting directly with the quinolate oxygen. We proposed that in those circumstances where the radical anion is formed, it and not the cathode metal are responsible for the electron injection properties. This is borne out by producing excellent injecting contacts when Ag and Au are used as the metallic component of the cathode structure. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Cheng, D., et al.
(författare)
-
Semi-global non-regular linearization of nonlinear systems
- 2004
-
Ingår i: 2004 5th Asian Control Conference. - 0780388739 ; , s. 520-526
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper the problem of global or semi-global non-regular static state feedback linearization of affine nonlinear systems is considered. Based on a normal form and a non-regular linearization technique developed recently by authors, this paper first provides a detailed algorithm for the linearization procedure. Then it also presents an easily verifiable condition to estimate the linearizable region, which solves the semi-global linearization problem. An example is included to describe the method and verify the efficiency of the estimation.
|
|
| 6. |
- Fredrikson, S, et al.
(författare)
-
Elevated suicide risk among patients with multiple sclerosis in Sweden
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Neuroepidemiology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0251-5350 .- 1423-0208. ; 22:2, s. 146-152
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Results from previous studies of suicide risk among patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are inconsistent. This may be explained partly by differences in methodology and study populations. The purpose of our study was to investigate suicide risk among hospital patients with MS in Sweden. During the period 1969–1996, 12,834 cases were recorded in the Swedish Hospital Inpatient Register, with 77,377 hospital admissions, in which MS was a primary or secondary diagnosis at discharge. The mean follow-up time for the whole cohort was 9.9 (SD 7.3) years. When the data for these MS patients were linked to the Swedish Causes of Death Register for the same period, 5,052 (39.4%) were found to have died. Among the 5,052 deaths, suicide was an underlying cause of death in 90 cases (1.8%). The mean period between the initial admission date with an MS diagnosis at discharge and the date of death for the 90 MS suicide cases was 5.8 (SD 5.1) years. This was significantly shorter (p = 0.002) than the mean of 7.9 (SD 6.4) years for MS cases who died due to other causes. Suicide risk, calculated as the standardized mortality ratio (SMR), was significantly elevated (SMR = 2.3) among both male and female MS cases compared with the general population. Suicide risk was particularly high in the first year after initial admission with an MS diagnosis, and among younger male MS cases. The mean age at the time of suicide was 44.5 (SD 12.4) years, and 58% of the suicides were committed within 5 years after the first admission with an MS diagnosis. The crude suicide rate among MS patients during the study period was 71 per 100,000 person-years. The rate was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in males (114) than in females (47), with an odds ratio of 2.4 (95% CI: 1.6–3.8). These findings have implications for suicide preventive measures in neurological practice.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Zhang, X. L., et al.
(författare)
-
Automatic real-time control for gain-flattened fiber Raman amplifiers
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Optics Communications. - : Elsevier BV. - 0030-4018 .- 1873-0310. ; 239:01-3, s. 79-84
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An automatic control algorithm for flattening the gain of a fiber Raman amplifier is derived from the Raman scattering equations. A pseudo-inverse gain matrix is introduced to adjust the powers of the pump lasers. The algorithm is simple, fast, effective, robust and insensitive to the length and type of the fiber. It is demonstrated experimentally that the gain flattening for Raman amplifiers comprising various types and lengths of fiber and with different target gains can be achieved automatically with this algorithm. The algorithm converges for both small and large input signal. Flattened Raman gain with a fluctuation less than 0.40 dB over a 50-nm bandwidth for a 50-km SMF or less than 0.20 dB over a 40-nm bandwidth for a 6.6-km dispersion compensated fiber is realized in the experiment.
|
|
