| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Navér, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
Long-term pattern of HIV-1 RNA load in perinatally infected children
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-1980 .- 0036-5548. ; 31:4, s. 337-343
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to describe the natural history of HIV-1 RNA load in vertically HIV-1-infected children. HIV-1 RNA in 156 plasma or serum samples (1-14, median 4 from each child) from 32 vertically HIV-1-infected children was detected with the NASBA® technique (Organon Teknika, The Netherlands). Twenty-one children were prospectively followed from birth, and 11 were identified and included at the age of 7-89 (median 61) months. The highest numbers of HIV-1 RNA copies were seen at 1.5-3 months of age. A quadratic curve model showed a reduction of HIV-1 RNA with increasing age up to approximately 8 years, and thereafter increasing numbers, p(age) = 0.002, p(age2) = 0.008, This pattern was not typical for individual children in whom a great variation in HIV-1 RNA numbers was seen over time. The interval from birth to the first HIV-1 RNA peak ranged from 1.5 months to more than 2 years. The HIV-1 RNA levels remained relatively high and fluctuating over the years in symptomatic as well as in long-term symptomatic children. This makes HIV-1 RNA determination in children more difficult to use than in adults, as the only tool for prediction of disease progression and for initiation of therapy.
|
|
| 3. |
- Widell, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Epidemiologic and molecular investigation of outbreaks of hepatitis C virus infection on a pediatric oncology service
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Annals of Internal Medicine. - : American College of Physicians. - 0003-4819. ; 130:2, s. 130-134
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Despite screening of blood donors, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can occur in patients who receive multiple transfusions. OBJECTIVE: To clarify mechanisms of nosocomial transmission of HCV. DESIGN: Epidemiologic and molecular analyses of hepatitis C outbreaks. SETTING: Pediatric oncology ward. PATIENTS: Children with cancer. MEASUREMENTS: Epidemiologic analysis, HCV RNA detection, genotyping, and hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) sequencing. RESULTS: Ten cases of infection with acute HCV genotype 3a occurred between 1990 and 1993. Sequencing of HVR1 revealed three related strains. Despite an overhaul of hygiene procedures, a patient infected with genotype 1b generated nine subsequent infected patients in 1994. Several patients had high virus titers and strongly delayed anti-HCV antibody responses. All had permanent intravenous catheters. Multidose vials used for flushing or treatment had probably been contaminated during periods of overlapping treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Contamination of multidose vials was the most likely mode of HCV transmission; therefore, use of such vials should be restricted. Rigorous adherence to hygiene routines remains essential to preventing transmission of bloodborne infections.
|
|
