| 1. |
- Liu, Kui, et al.
(författare)
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Kallikrein genes are associated with lupus and glomerular basement membrane-specific antibody-induced nephritis in mice and humans
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Investigation. - 0021-9738 .- 1558-8238. ; 119:4, s. 911-923
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Immune-mediated nephritis contributes to disease in systemic lupus erythematosus, Goodpasture syndrome (caused by antibodies specific for glomerular basement membrane [anti-GBM antibodies]), and spontaneous lupus nephritis. Inbred mouse strains differ in susceptibility to anti-GBM antibody-induced and spontaneous lupus nephritis. This study sought to clarify the genetic and molecular factors that maybe responsible for enhanced immune-mediated renal disease in these models. When the kidneys of 3 mouse strains sensitive to anti-GBM antibody-induced nephritis were compared with those of 2 control strains using microarray analysis, one-fifth of the underexpressed genes belonged to the kallikrein gene family,which encodes serine esterases. Mouse strains that upregulated renal and urinary kallikreins exhibited less evidence of disease. Antagonizing the kallikrein pathway augmented disease, while agonists dampened the severity of anti-GBM antibody-induced nephritis. In addition, nephritis-sensitive mouse strains had kallikrein haplotypes that were distinct from those of control strains, including several regulatory polymorphisms,some of which were associated with functional consequences. Indeed, increased susceptibility to anti-GBM antibody-induced nephritis and spontaneous lupus nephritis was achieved by breeding mice with a genetic interval harboring the kallikrein genes onto a disease-resistant background. Finally, both human SLE and spontaneous lupus nephritis were found to be associated with kallikrein genes, particularly KLK1 and the KLK3 promoter, when DNA SNPs from independent cohorts of SLE patients and controls were compared. Collectively, these studies suggest that kallikreins are protective disease-associated genes in anti-GBM antibody-induced nephritis and lupus.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Chernoray, Valery, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of riblets on nonlinear disturbances in the boundary layer
- 2006
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Ingår i: Thermophysics and Aeromechanics. ; 13:1, s. 67-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Results of experimental investigations of the nonlinear stage of sinusoidal and varicose instability of a streaky structure, which leads to multiplication of streaky structures and origination of coherent structures (such as Λ-structures), are presented. Riblets suppress the intensity of streaky structures, stabilize the flow against the development of the secondary high-frequency instability of streaky structures, and, for this reason, delay spatial turbulization of the flow. The results of these investigations can be useful for understanding the flow structure in such situations and for possible controlling of the coherent structures aimed at flow stabilization
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| 4. |
- Chernoray, Valery, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of an unfavourable pressure gradient on the breakdown of boundary layer streaks
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Visualization. - 1343-8875 .- 1386-6478. ; 10:2, s. 217-225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Breakdown of boundary layer streaks is studied experimentally and compared at zero and adverse (positive) streamwise pressure gradients on a wing under fully controlled experimental conditions. The varicose mode of streak breakdown is found to be a dominant mode in the case of the adverse pressure gradient. A strong influence of pressure gradient upon the development of the streak and the secondary instability is revealed. The unfavourable pressure gradient is shown to alter the critical streak amplitude, the dispersion properties of the streak and the secondary disturbance, as well as attained maximum amplitudes for both the streak and the secondary disturbance.
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| 5. |
- Chernoray, Valery, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Riblet-assisted control of transformation of the Λ-structure into a turbulent spot
- 2005
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Ingår i: Thermophysics and Aeromechanics. - 0869-8643. ; 12:4, s. 539-548
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimental results are presented on transformation of a solitary Λ-structure into a turbulent spot and control of this process by means of riblets on the wetted surface in the boundary layer on a flat plate. It is shown that riblets exert a stabilizing effect on transformation of the Λ-structure into a turbulent spot. The Λ-structure on a smooth surface is shown to stretch in the streamwise direction and transform into a hairpin vortex, which becomes a turbulent spot further downstream. The intensity of the Λ-structure on riblets first increases and then decays further downstream, reaching less than half its value on a smooth surface. Finally, the Λ-structure decays on riblets without forming a turbulent spot.
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| 6. |
- Chernoray, Valery, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Visualization of sinusoidal and varicose instabilities of streaks in a boundary layer
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Visualization. - 1343-8875 .- 1386-6478. ; 9:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nonlinear instabilities of boundary layer streaks are investigated experimentally. Extensive measurements visualizing the sinusoidal and varicose instabilities of streaky structures at nonlinear stage of the breakdown process in boundary layer are presented. The flow behaviour in the course of spatial evolution of the streaky structures with a secondary high-frequency disturbance generated on them is discussed. Various scenarios of origination and development of coherent vortex structures examined in physical experiments are considered. Specific features of the development of sinusoidal and varicose cases of destruction of the steady streamwise streaks are demonstrated, such as transverse and streamwise modulations of the streak by the secondary-disturbance frequency, appearance of new streaky structures in the downstream direction, and emergence and evolution of unsteady Λ-shaped structures localized in space in both cases.
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| 7. |
- Kozlov, V.V., et al.
(författare)
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Influence of an unfavourable pressure gradient on the breakdown of boundary layer streaks
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proc. of the 12th Asian Congress of Fluid Mechanics, Daejeon, Korea, Aug. 17–21. ; , s. 1-4
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Breakdown of boundary layer streaks is studied experimentally and compared at zero and adverse (positive) streamwise pressure gradients on a wing under fully controlled experimental conditions. The varicose mode of streak breakdown is found to be a dominant mode in the case of the adverse pressure gradient. A strong influence of pressure gradient upon the development of the streak and the secondary instability is revealed. The unfavourable pressure gradient is shown to alter the critical streak amplitude, the dispersion properties of the streak and the secondary disturbance, as well as attained maximum amplitudes for both the streak and the secondary disturbance.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Litvinenko, Yu.A., et al.
(författare)
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Adverse pressure gradient effect on nonlinear varicose instability of a streaky structure in an unswept wing boundary layer
- 2005
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Ingår i: Physics of Fluids. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nonlinear varicose instability of a streaky structure is experimentally investigated in a wing boundary layer. Spatial evolution of the streaky structure perturbed by high-frequency traveling waves is compared at zero and adverse streamwise pressure gradients. The process of streak multiplication and generation of ?-shaped vortices is under examination. Results obtained testify to the strong influence of pressure gradient upon the breakdown of the streaky structure due to its varicose instability.
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| 10. |
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