| 1. |
- Zwir, Igor, et al.
(författare)
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Three Genetic-Environmental Networks for Human Personality
- 2021
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Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 26, s. 3858-3875
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phylogenetic, developmental, and brain-imaging studies suggest that human personality is the integrated expression of three major systems of learning and memory that regulate (1) associative conditioning, (2) intentionality, and (3) self-awareness. We have uncovered largely disjoint sets of genes regulating these dissociable learning processes in different clusters of people with (1) unregulated temperament profiles (i.e., associatively conditioned habits and emotional reactivity), (2) organized character profiles (i.e., intentional self-control of emotional conflicts and goals), and (3) creative character profiles (i.e., self-aware appraisal of values and theories), respectively. However, little is known about how these temperament and character components of personality are jointly organized and develop in an integrated manner. In three large independent genome-wide association studies from Finland, Germany, and Korea, we used a data-driven machine learning method to uncover joint phenotypic networks of temperament and character and also the genetic networks with which they are associated. We found three clusters of similar numbers of people with distinct combinations of temperament and character profiles. Their associated genetic and environmental networks were largely disjoint, and differentially related to distinct forms of learning and memory. Of the 972 genes that mapped to the three phenotypic networks, 72% were unique to a single network. The findings in the Finnish discovery sample were blindly and independently replicated in samples of Germans and Koreans. We conclude that temperament and character are integrated within three disjoint networks that regulate healthy longevity and dissociable systems of learning and memory by nearly disjoint sets of genetic and environmental influences.
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| 2. |
- Amato, Clara, et al.
(författare)
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Newly Graduated Nurses' Learning Work Climate, Health, Resilience, and Burnout Symptoms
- 2020
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Ingår i: 32nd Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The results provide an indication of important learning work climate factors associated to newly graduated nurses’ health, ability to cope successfully in adverse circumstances (i.e., resilience), and burnout symptoms. It is, however, plausible that there is an interconnection between personal vulnerability, learning climate, and health (Stoyanov & Cloninger, 2011).
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| 3. |
- Cloninger, Kevin M., et al.
(författare)
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The Prevalence of Personality (Temperament and Character) Profiles among Swedish Newly Graduated Nurses
- 2020
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Ingår i: 32nd Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Personal vulnerability (i.e., specific personality profiles) is a major factor for burnout among helping professionals. Compared to the general population, 80% of Swedish newly graduated nurses reported high Reward Dependence (i.e., being sentimental, warm, attached, and dependent) and 95% reported low Self-Directedness (i.e., being blaming, aimless, helpless, defensive, and unfulfilled).
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| 4. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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A Ternary Model of Personality: Temperament, Character, and Identity
- 2020
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Ingår i: Statistical Semantics - Methods and Applications. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030372491 - 9783030372507
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human beings are definitely storytellers capable of travel back and forward in time. We not only construct stories about ourselves, but also share these with others (McAdams and McLean 2013). We construct and internalize an evolving and integrative story for life, that is, a narrative identity (Singer 2004). However, the life story is just one of three layers of personality that are in a dynamical complex interaction, the other two being temperamental dispositions and goals and values (McAdams and Manczak 2011) or what Cloninger (2004) defines as temperament and character. The use of language, that is, words and their meaning or semantic content, to understand a person’s identity is definitely not new. On basis of the psycholexical hypothesis, for example, relevant and prominent features of personality are encoded in natural language (John et al. 1988), thus, individual differences are manifested in single words that people use to describe their own concept of the self or identity (cf. Boyd and Pennebaker 2017; McAdams 2008; Gazzaniga 2011; Koltko-Rivera 2004). However, although some models of personality, such as the Big Five, stem from natural person-descriptive language, the original clustering of the person-descriptive words used to develop these lexical models was conducted by a relatively small number of researchers who lacked the technical programs available today to handle large amounts of text (Leising et al. 2014; see also Garcia et al. 2015a). In addition, these approaches involved, to a larger degree, only one layer of personality for clustering the person- descriptive words, namely, temperamental dispositions (cf. Gunderson et al. 1999). Here, as a first step, we present a new approach to analyze the way people describe themselves and use Cloninger’s biopsychosocial theory to interpret our results.
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| 5. |
- Garcia, Danilo, et al.
(författare)
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Coherence of character and temperament drives personality change toward well being in person-centered therapy
- 2023
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Psychiatry. - : Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. - 0951-7367 .- 1473-6578. ; 36:1, s. 60-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose of reviewPeople and communities around the world face many crises, including increasing burdens from disease, psychopathology, burn-out, social distrust, and acts of hate and terrorism. Personality disorder is arguably both a root cause and a consequence of these problems, creating a vicious cycle of suffering caused by fears, immoderate desires, and social distrust that are inconsistent with rational goals and prosocial values. Fortunately, recent advances in understanding the biopsychosocial basis and dynamics of development in personality and its disorders offer insights to address these problems in effective person-centered ways.Recent findingsFundamental advances have been made recently in the understanding of the psychobiology and sociology of personality in relationship to health, and in basic mechanisms of personality change as a complex process of learning and memory. Promotion of self-awareness and intentional self-control releases a strong tendency for people to seek coherence of their emotions and habits with what gives their life meaning and value.People have a strong drive to cultivate personalities in which their emotions and habits are reliably in accord with reasonable goals and prosocial values. Person-centered therapeutics provide practical ways to promote a virtuous cycle of increasing well being for individuals and their communities and habitats.
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| 6. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Six Months of Well-Being Coaching and Mind-Body Interventions among Refugees in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: XXXII International Congress of Psychology, Prague, Czech Republic..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background Research shows that there is a high prevalence of trauma-related disorders among refugees. Nevertheless, about 66.40% of refugees never reveal their traumatic experiences to a doctor and a majority refuse psychiatric help (Holmström, 2015). We evaluated the health effects of Well-Being Coaching and Mind-Body interventions (i.e., modern version of age-old Spa interventions) on Swedish Refugees. Method A total of 70 refugees, mostly from Syria, underwent the 6-month intervention. At both the beginning and the end of the intervention, participants responded to measures of personality (e.g., temperament and character), well-being (e.g., affect, life satisfaction) and ill-being (e.g., defeat and entrapment, and anxiety and depression). Results At baseline, the refugees showed relatively good levels of well-being, but high levels of anxiety and depression. After the intervention, we found significant reductions in Harm Avoidance (Cohen’s d = 0.39), Defeat (Cohen’s d = 0.55), Internal Entrapment (Cohen’s d = 0.47), and Anxiety (Cohen’s d = 0.42). In addition, we found significant increases in Self-Directedness (Cohen’s d = 0.28) and positive affect (Cohen’s d = 0.40). Conclusions: The six-month intervention succeeded in helping refugees regulate their nervous system, expressed by the temperament trait of Harm Avoidance as fear of uncertainty, quick fatigability, and pessimistic worry about future problems. In addition, negative cognitions like feeling defeated and entrapped in life and anxiety symptoms were reduced after the intervention. Last but not the least, the positive affect of refugees increased as measured by self-determination, self-sufficiency, self-acceptance, and a sense of responsibility (i.e., the character trait of Self-Directedness).
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| 7. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Synergetic Effects of Anthropedia’s Well-Being Coaching and Mind-Body Interventions on Refugees’ Health
- 2020
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Ingår i: 32nd Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. Chicago, Illinois, USA..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We evaluated the effects of Anthropedia’s Well-Being Coaching and Mind-Body interventions (i.e., modern version of age-old Spa interventions) on health among a sample of refugees living in Sweden. While each intervention increased well-being and reduced ill-being respectively, the combination had a wider biopsychosocial effect on health.
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| 8. |
- Granjard, Alexandre, et al.
(författare)
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Personality Among Swedish Long-Term Unemployed
- 2020
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Ingår i: 32nd Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. Chicago, Illinois, USA..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As expected, compared to the normal population, the unemployed population scored one standard deviation higher in Harm Avoidance and lower in Self-directedness. Additionally, the analyses of personality profiles showed that 84.70% were high in Harm Avoidance, 65.30% low in Self-directedness, 38.30% low in Cooperativeness, and 49.50% low in Self- transcendence.
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| 9. |
- Granjard, Alexandre, et al.
(författare)
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Resilience Personality Profiles among Swedish Long-Term Unemployed
- 2021
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Ingår i: PsyCh Journal. - : Wiley. - 2046-0252 .- 2046-0260. ; 10:4, s. 670-673
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of resilience personality profiles in a sample of Swedish long-term unemployed in relation to the general Swedish population. We found that only 1.50% (vs. 26% in the general population) in the long-term unemployed sample had a resilient personality profile, that is, low in harm avoidance (e.g., relaxed and optimistic), high in persistence (e.g., hardworking), and high in self-directedness (i.e., goal-oriented and resourceful).
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| 10. |
- Granjard, Alexandre, et al.
(författare)
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Resilience Profiles Among Swedish Long-Term Unemployed
- 2020
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Ingår i: 32nd Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A Resilient profile is low in Harm Avoidance (i.e., relaxed, confident, and optimistic) and high in Persistence (i.e., industrious, perseverant, and hard-working) and Self-Directedness (i.e., responsible, reliable, self-acceptant, goal- oriented, and resourceful). We found that, compared to the general population, only 1% of Swedish long-term unemployed had a resilient profile.
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