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- Leizorovicz, A., et al.
(författare)
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Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of dalteparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in acutely ill medical patients
- 2004
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Ingår i: Circulation. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1524-4539 .- 0009-7322. ; 110:7, s. 874-879
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background-Considerable variability exists in the use of pharmacological thromboprophylaxis among acutely ill medical patients, partly because clinically relevant end points have not been fully assessed in this population. We undertook an international, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial using clinically important outcomes to assess the efficacy and safety of dalteparin in the prevention of venous thromboembolism in such patients. Methods and Results-Patients (n=3706) were randomly assigned to receive either subcutaneous dalteparin 5000 IU daily or placebo for 14 days and were followed up for 90 days. The primary end point was venous thromboembolism, defined as the combination of symptomatic deep vein thrombosis, symptomatic pulmonary embolism, and asymptomatic proximal deep vein thrombosis detected by compression ultrasound at day 21 and sudden death by day 21. The incidence of venous thromboembolism was reduced from 4.96% (73 of 1473 patients) in the placebo group to 2.77% (42 of 1518 patients) in the dalteparin group, an absolute risk reduction of 2.19% or a relative risk reduction of 45% (relative risk, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.80; P=0.0015). The observed benefit was maintained at 90 days. The overall incidence of major bleeding was low but higher in the dalteparin group (9 patients; 0.49%) compared with the placebo group (3 patients; 0.16%). Conclusions-Dalteparin 5000 IU once daily halved the rate of venous thromboembolism with a low risk of bleeding.
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- Axelson, Olav, 1937-, et al.
(författare)
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Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology.
- 2003
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Ingår i: International journal of occupational and environmental health. - 1077-3525 .- 2049-3967. ; 9, s. 386-389
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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- J.G., Cohen, et al.
(författare)
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Abundances In Very Metal-Poor Dwarf Stars
- 2004
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 0004-637X. ; 603:2, s. 1107-1135
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- We discuss the detailed composition of 28 extremely metal-poor (EMP) dwarfs, 22 of which are from the Hamburg/ESO Survey (HES), based on Keck echelle spectra. Our sample has a median [Fe/H] of -2.7 dex, extends to -3.5 dex, and is somewhat less metal-poor than was expected from [Fe/H](HK, HES) determined from low-resolution spectra. Our analysis supports the existence of a sharp decline in the distribution of halo stars with metallicity below [Fe/H]=-3.0 dex. So far no additional turnoff stars with [Fe/H]<-3.5 have been identified in our follow-up efforts. For the best-observed elements between Mg and Ni, we find that the abundance ratios appear to have reached a plateau, i.e., [X/Fe] is approximately constant as a function of [Fe/H], except for Cr, Mn, and Co, which show trends of abundance ratios varying with [Fe/H]. These abundance ratios at low metallicity correspond approximately to the yield expected from Type II supernovae (SNe) with a narrow range in mass and explosion parameters; high-mass Type II SN progenitors are required. The dispersion of [X/Fe] about this plateau level is surprisingly small and is still dominated by measurement errors rather than intrinsic scatter. These results place strong constraints on the characteristics of the contributing SNe. The dispersion in neutron-capture elements and the abundance trends for Cr, Mn, and Co are consistent with previous studies of evolved EMP stars. We find halo-like enhancements for the α-elements Mg, Ca, and Ti, but solar Si/Fe ratios for these dwarfs. This contrasts with studies of EMP giant stars, which show Si enhancements similar to other α-elements. Sc/Fe is another case where the results from EMP dwarfs and from EMP giants disagree; our Sc/Fe ratios are enhanced compared to the solar value by ~0.2 dex. Although this conflicts with the solar Sc/Fe values seen in EMP giants, we note that α-like Sc/Fe ratios have been claimed for dwarfs at higher metallicity. Two dwarfs in the sample are carbon stars, while two others have significant C enhancements, all with 12C/13C ~7 and with C/N between 10 and 150. Three of these C-rich stars have large enhancements of the heavy neutron capture elements, including lead, which implies a strong s-process contribution, presumably from binary mass transfer; the fourth shows no excess of Sr or Ba.
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- Linden, T, et al.
(författare)
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3,4-Dideoxyglucosone-3-ene (3,4-DGE): A cytotoxic glucose degradation product in fluids for peritoneal dialysis
- 2002
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Ingår i: Kidney International. - : Elsevier BV. - 1523-1755 .- 0085-2538. ; 62:2, s. 697-703
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Bioincompatible glucose degradation products (GDPs) in fluids for peritoneal dialysis (PD) develop during sterilization and storage. Their biological activity has successfully been monitored through the use of various in vitro methods but their molecular and chemical nature is less well understood. Many GDPs are highly reactive carbonyl compounds. Although some of the identified GDPs are extremely cytotoxic, none of them actually possess cytotoxicity at the concentrations found in PD fluids. Thus, the GDP responsible for the toxicity in PD fluids has not yet been identified. The intention of the present work was to investigate to what extent the unsaturated dicarbonyl compound, 3,4-dideoxyglucosone-3-ene (3,4-DGE) was present in PD fluids, and if it could be responsible for the in vitro effects on L-929 fibroblast cells. Methods. A commercial preparation of 3,4-DGE and two different liquid chromatography methods were used for the chemical identification and quantification. In vitro bioincompatibility was determined as inhibition of cell growth using the L-929 fibroblast cell line. Results. 3,4-DGE was present in conventionally manufactured PD fluids at a concentration of 9 to 22 mumol/L. In the newly developed PD fluid, Gambrosol trio, the concentrations were 0.3 to 0.7 mumol/L. When added as synthetic 3,4-DGE to cell growth media at the concentrations measured in conventional PD fluids, the inhibition of cell growth was significantly lower than for that seen with the conventional fluids. However, in the conventional PD fluids the total amount of 3,4-DGE available for toxic reactions most probably was higher than that measured, because 3,4-DGE was freshly recruited from a molecular pool when consumed. The speed of this recruitment was high enough to explain most of the growth inhibition seen for heat-sterilized PD fluids. Conclusion. 3,4-DGE is present in conventional PD fluids at a concentration between 9 and 22 mumol/L, and is the most biologically active of all GDPs identified to date. Thus, it is the main candidate to be held responsible for the clinical bioincompatibility caused by conventionally manufactured PD fluids.
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