| 1. |
- Wade, C. M., et al.
(författare)
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Genome Sequence, Comparative Analysis, and Population Genetics of the Domestic Horse
- 2009
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 326:5954, s. 865-867
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report a high-quality draft sequence of the genome of the horse ( Equus caballus). The genome is relatively repetitive but has little segmental duplication. Chromosomes appear to have undergone few historical rearrangements: 53% of equine chromosomes show conserved synteny to a single human chromosome. Equine chromosome 11 is shown to have an evolutionary new centromere devoid of centromeric satellite DNA, suggesting that centromeric function may arise before satellite repeat accumulation. Linkage disequilibrium, showing the influences of early domestication of large herds of female horses, is intermediate in length between dog and human, and there is long-range haplotype sharing among breeds.
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| 4. |
- Coombes, R C, et al.
(författare)
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Survival and safety of exemestane versus tamoxifen after 2-3 years' tamoxifen treatment (Intergroup Exemestane Study): a randomised controlled trial.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Lancet. - 1474-547X. ; 369:9561, s. 559-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Early improvements in disease-free survival have been noted when an aromatase inhibitor is given either instead of or sequentially after tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with oestrogen-receptor-positive early breast cancer. However, little information exists on the long-term effects of aromatase inhibitors after treatment, and whether these early improvements lead to real gains in survival. METHODS: 4724 postmenopausal patients with unilateral invasive, oestrogen-receptor-positive or oestrogen-receptor-unknown breast cancer who were disease-free on 2-3 years of tamoxifen, were randomly assigned to switch to exemestane (n=2352) or to continue tamoxifen (n=2372) for the remainder of a 5-year endocrine treatment period. The primary endpoint was disease-free survival; overall survival was a secondary endpoint. Efficacy analyses were intention-to-treat. This study is registered as an International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial, number ISRCTN11883920. RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 55.7 months (range 0-89.7), 809 events contributing to the analysis of disease-free survival had been reported (354 exemestane, 455 tamoxifen); unadjusted hazard ratio 0.76 (95% CI 0.66-0.88, p=0.0001) in favour of exemestane, absolute benefit 3.3% (95% CI 1.6-4.9) by end of treatment (ie, 2.5 years after randomisation). 222 deaths occurred in the exemestane group compared with 261 deaths in the tamoxifen group; unadjusted hazard ratio 0.85 (95% CI 0.71-1.02, p=0.08), 0.83 (0.69-1.00, p=0.05) when 122 patients with oestrogen-receptor-negative disease were excluded. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that early improvements in disease-free survival noted in patients who switch to exemestane after 2-3 years on tamoxifen persist after treatment, and translate into a modest improvement in overall survival.
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| 5. |
- Vigouroux, C., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of tropospheric and stratospheric ozone trends over Western Europe from ground-based FTIR network observations
- 2008
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 8:23, s. 6865-6886
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within the European project UFTIR (Time series of Upper Free Troposphere observations from an European ground-based FTIR network), six ground-based stations in Western Europe, from 79 degrees N to 28 degrees N, all equipped with Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) instruments and part of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC), have joined their efforts to evaluate the trends of several direct and indirect greenhouse gases over the period 1995-2004. The retrievals of CO, CH4, C2H6, N2O, CHClF2, and O-3 have been optimized. Using the optimal estimation method, some vertical information can be obtained in addition to total column amounts. A bootstrap resampling method has been implemented to determine annual partial and total column trends for the target gases. The present work focuses on the ozone results. The retrieved time series of partial and total ozone columns are validated with ground-based correlative data (Brewer, Dobson, UV-Vis, ozonesondes, and Lidar). The observed total column ozone trends are in agreement with previous studies: 1) no total column ozone trend is seen at the lowest latitude station Izana (28 degrees N); 2) slightly positive total column trends are seen at the two mid-latitude stations Zugspitze and Jungfraujoch (47 degrees N), only one of them being significant; 3) the highest latitude stations Harestua (60 degrees N), Kiruna (68 degrees N) and Ny-Alesund (79 degrees N) show significant positive total column trends. Following the vertical information contained in the ozone FTIR retrievals, we provide partial columns trends for the layers: ground-10 km, 10-18 km, 18-27 km, and 27-42 km, which helps to distinguish the contributions from dynamical and chemical changes on the total column ozone trends. We obtain no statistically significant trends in the ground-10 km layer for five out of the six ground-based stations. We find significant positive trends for the lower-most stratosphere at the two mid-latitude stations, and at Ny-Alesund. We find smaller, but significant trends for the 18 27 km layer at Kiruna, Harestua, Jungfraujoch, and Izana. The results for the upper layer are quite contrasted: we find significant positive trends at Kiruna, Harestua, and Jungfraujoch, and significant negative trends at Zugspitze and Izana. These ozone partial columns trends are discussed and compared with previous studies.
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| 6. |
- Aapro, M, et al.
(författare)
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Guidance on the use of bisphosphonates in solid tumours: recommendations of an international expert panel
- 2008
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Ingår i: Annals of Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1569-8041 .- 0923-7534. ; 19:3, s. 420-432
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bisphosphonates (BP) prevent, reduce, and delay cancer-related skeletal complications in patients, and have substantially decreased the prevalence of such events since their introduction. Today, a broad range of BP with differences in potency, efficacy, dosing, and administration as well as approved indications is available. In addition, results of clinical trials investigating the efficacy of BP in cancer treatment-induced bone loss (CTIBL) have been recently published. The purpose of this paper is to review the current evidence on the use of BP in solid tumours and provide clinical recommendations. An interdisciplinary expert panel of clinical oncologists and of specialists in metabolic bone diseases assessed the widespread evidence and information on the efficacy of BP in the metastatic and nonmetastatic setting, as well as ongoing research on the adjuvant use of BP. Based on available evidence, the panel recommends amino-bisphosphonates for patients with metastatic bone disease from breast cancer and zoledronic acid for patients with other solid tumours as primary disease. Dosing of BP should follow approved indications with adjustments if necessary. While i.v. administration is most often preferable, oral administration (clodronate, IBA) may be considered for breast cancer patients who cannot or do not need to attend regular hospital care. Early-stage cancer patients at risk of developing CTIBL should be considered for preventative BP treatment. The strongest evidence in this setting is now available for ZOL. Overall, BP are well-tolerated, and most common adverse events are influenza-like syndrome, arthralgia, and when used orally, gastrointestinal symptoms. The dose of BP may need to be adapted to renal function and initial creatinine clearance calculation is mandatory according to the panel for use of any BP. Subsequent monitoring is recommended for ZOL and PAM, as described by the regulatory authority guidelines. Patients scheduled to receive BP (mainly every 3-4 weeks i.v.) should have a dental examination and be advised on appropriate measures for reducing the risk of jaw osteonecrosis. BP are well established as supportive therapy to reduce the frequency and severity of skeletal complications in patients with bone metastases from different cancers.
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| 8. |
- Nordenstrom, A, et al.
(författare)
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Female preponderance in congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to CYP21 deficiency in England: implications for neonatal screening
- 2005
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Ingår i: Hormone research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0301-0163. ; 63:1, s. 22-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase (CYP21) deficiency causes symptoms ranging from life-threatening neonatal adrenal crises to minimal virilization in adulthood. The relationship between <i>CYP21</i> genotype and phenotypic markers in a non-screened population of 73 CAH children (44 female, 29 male; 54 white, 19 Asian) treated at the Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital was investigated and ethnic and sex differences assessed. The patients were categorized according to the mutation on the mildest allele. The age at the time of diagnosis differed significantly between the groups (p = 0.02): all 25 Null and 25 of 26 of the I2 splice patients were diagnosed during the neonatal period, whereas 7 of 11 I172N patients were diagnosed late. Degree of female genital virilization, 17-hydroxyprogesterone level at diagnosis, and fludrocortisone requirement during the 1st year of treatment correlated with the genotype, although Asian Null patients required more fludrocortisone than their white counterparts (p = 0.055). There was an equal sex ratio in both the I2 splice (12 female/14 male) and I172N (5 female/6 male) groups. However, in the Null group, the ratio was 4.0 (20 female/5 male; p = 0.003), suggesting that some Null male infants perish before being clinically detected to have CYP21 deficiency. Our findings strongly support the need for implementation of a neonatal screening programme for CAH in the UK which may reduce the male infant mortality.
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| 9. |
- Sanyal, Biplab, et al.
(författare)
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Electronic structure of Co doped ZnO : Theory and experiment
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 103:7, s. 07D130-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have studied the electronic structure of Co doped ZnO by theory and experiment. Photoelectron and x-ray absorption spectroscopy experiments were performed on 5% Co doped ZnO thin films. The results show that Co-3d states lie in the valence band and hybridize considerably with O-2p states. These results compare qualitatively with our density functional calculations combined with a Hubbard approach to include strong electron correlations within the Co-3d state.
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| 10. |
- Yu, Shi-Yong, et al.
(författare)
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Holocene organic carbon burial rates in the Baltic coast
- 2007
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Ingår i: The Holocene. - 0959-6836. ; 17:5, s. 673-681
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To estimate Holocene changes in organic carbon mass accumulation rates (Corg MARs) in the southeastern Swedish Baltic Sea, two sediment cores were studied in combination with biogeochemical modelling. Prior to 11 300 cal. BP, Corg MARs were extremely low, indicating low organic matter production on the catchment of the Baltic Ice Lake. Following a brief regression, the Ancylus Lake stage occurred between 11 100 and 9800 cal. BP. Corg MARs increased substantially during this period because of enhanced washing in of terrestrial organic matter, when boreal forests were initially established. The prominent marine stage, known as the Littorina transgression between 8500 and 3000 cal. BP, is marked by a minor increase in Corg MARs. Our modelling reveals a changing terrestrial organic carbon input between 100 and 1000 g/m2 per yr that accounts for 30–80% of total organic carbon in sediments of the southeastern Swedish Baltic Sea, with maximum values (c. 20 x 103 g/m2 per yr) occurring during the Bronze/Iron Age transition at about 3000 cal. BP. Corg MAR in the entire Baltic basin is estimated at 3.01 x 106 t/yr during the pre-industrial Holocene, comparable with other large inland water bodies. Regardless of the source of carbon, our data indicate that the Baltic basin is an important sedimentary reservoir for organic carbon storage and thus should be included in accounting for global terrestrial carbon cycling during the pre-industrial Holocene.
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