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- Al-Emrani, Mohammad, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Strengthening Glulam Beams with Steel and Composite Plates
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Composite Science and Technology, Sharjah, UAE.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The stiffness requirements in the design of timber beams in serviceability limit state is a factor that often makes it necessary to increase the beam dimensions beyond what is required for strength. This causes increased material use and thus higher production costs. This study is an effort to investigate the viability of using Steel and CFRP (carbon fibre reinforced polymers) as reinforcement in new glulam beams. By gluing CFRP to the tension side of the beam it is possible to move the fracture from tensile rupture to the compression side of the beam which is beneficiary due to the more ductile behaviour of wood in compression. In the experimental part of the investigation, nine glulam beams strengthened with bonded steel and CFRP-laminates were tested to failure. The effect of various geometrical properties for the laminates was investigated, as well as strengthening with different amounts of laminates on the tension and compression side.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Edlund, Bo, 1936, et al.
(författare)
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Bridge expansion joints -- design for movements, performance and durability
- 2007
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Ingår i: IABSE Symposium Weimar 2007 "Improving Infrastructure Worldwide"; Report, IABSE Zürich. - 9783857481161 ; , s. 302--303-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Expansion joints in medium-size and long bridges should be regarded as important bridge components.There is a trend to minimize the number of joints, and design each joint to permit large movements. It is therefore important to develop suitable joint types that function smoothly for such large movements during a long time without damages or malfunctioning. A widely used, modern joint type for large joint movements is the Modular Bridge Expansion Joint (MBEJ). The paper mainly deals with different aspects of MBEJs (function, fatigue, durability, maintenance, noise etc). Traffic forces on MBEJs as well as quality requirements and assessment are discussed.
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| 5. |
- Ekholm, Kristoffer K J, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Mechanical Properties of Stress Laminated Timber Decks – Experimental study
- 2009
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Ingår i: CIB-W18 Proceedings meeting forty-two 2009, Dübendorf, Switzerland. - 1864-1784.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In several European countries, the design of stress laminated bridges has been conducted according to a simplified method developed by M. A. Ritter in the 1990’s, valid for American wood species such as Douglas fir. According to this method a stress laminated deck can be designed as a beam with cross section dimensions beff x t, where beff is a fictitious (or effective) width - determined according to orthotropic plate theory - and t is the thickness of the deck. However, there are several uncertainties concerning the validity of this model concerning its application to European stress laminated bridges. These uncertainties are related to: (1) wood species - in Europe boards or glulam of Norway spruce or Scots pine are generally used; (2) design philosophy - Ritter’s model was developed according to the “allowable stresses design method”, whilst the philosophy behind the Eurocodes is the design method according to the ultimate limit states.In this paper, an experimental investigation on specimens manufactured with pre-stressed glulam will be presented. The glulam is made from Norway spruce. The aim of the study is to estimate the mechanical properties of stress laminated timber decks with varying pre-stressingforces. The methods for measuring (a) transversal modulus of elasticity ET , and (b) the transverse shear modulus GLT will be presented. Comparison with results obtained by this research and results obtained by other researcher will be shown.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Kliger, Robert, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Strengthening Glulam Beams with Steel and Composite Plates
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Asia-Pacific Conference on FRP in Structures (APFIS 2007) Hong Kong, China, 12-14 December. - 9789628014149 ; 1, s. 291-296
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The limiting factor when it comes to design timber structures is often the stiffness properties of timber products. The stiffness requirements in serviceability limit state, both short-term and final deformation especially in horizontal members, is a factor that often makes it necessary to increase the dimensions of the member. This cause increased material use and thus higher production costs. In this paper, both the results from an experimental study and the results from the analytical modelling are presented. In the experimental investigation, nine glulam beams strengthened with bonded steel plates or CFRP-laminates were tested to failure. The effect of various geometrical and material properties for the plates was investigated, as well as strengthening with different amounts of laminates on the tension and compression side. A simple analytical model for wood with plasticity of the compression was developed to analyse the behaviour of the beam. All types of reinforcement resulted in higher stiffness as well as higher ultimate moment capacity. The experimental results agreed very well with the proposed models for calculating both stiffness and moment capacity of reinforced beams.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Kliger, Robert, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Strengthening timber with CFRP or steel plates - Short and long-term performance
- 2008
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Ingår i: 10th World Conference on Timber Engineering 2008; Miyazaki; Japan; 2 June 2008 through 5 June 2008. - 9781615670888 ; 1, s. 414-421
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The limiting factors when it comes to design of timber structures are often stiffness properties of timber products. The stiffness requirements in serviceability limit state, both short-term and longterm deformation especially in horizontal members, is a factor that often makes it necessary to increase the dimensions of the member. Both the results from experimental studies and the results of analytical modelling are presented. The experimental study comprises results from short-term tests to failure of nine glulam beams strengthened with bonded steel plates or CFRP laminates and mechano-sorptive creep tests of strengthened glulam lamellas loaded in bending at 8 MPa. Positive effects on the strengthening when it comes to short-term and long-term behaviour were shown. The arrangement of the reinforcement in the cross-section makes it possible to control the behaviour of the beams in terms of strength, stiffness and ductility. The experimental results agreed very well with the proposed models for calculating both stiffness and moment capacity of the beams.
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