| 1. |
- Ye, X, et al.
(författare)
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Stimulation of distal airspace fluid clearance in guinea pigs involves bumetanide-sensitive ion transport
- 2004
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Ingår i: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6868 .- 0002-9378. ; 191:1, s. 340-345
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that beta-adrenoceptor stimulation of fetal lung fluid absorption in near-term guinea pig fetuses involves bumetanide-sensitive ion transport. Study design: Fetuses were obtained from timed-pregnant guinea pigs at 61 to 69 days' gestation with and without oxytocin-induced preterm labor. The fetuses were placed on continuous positive airway pressure oxygenation, and an isosmolar 5% albumin solution was instilled into the lungs. Distal airspace fluid clearance was measured over 1 hour from the increase in distal airspace protein concentration as fluid was reabsorbed with and without the Cl- transport inhibitor bumetanide. Results: Fetal lungs began to absorb distal airspace fluid at 64 to 66 days' gestation, and at birth, distal airspace fluid clearance rapidly quadrupled. Labor induction by oxytocin stimulated distal airspace fluid clearance. Distal airspace fluid clearance, when present, was sensitive to propranolol-inhibition and depended on beta-adrenoceptor stimulation. Fluid secretion at 61 days' gestation was reduced by bumetanide instillation. Bumetanide addition was only inhibitory when distal airspace fluid clearance was propranolol-sensitive. Conclusion: beta-adrenoceptor stimulation from endogenous fetal epinephrine increased fetal distal airspace fluid clearance and involved bumetanide-sensitive ion transport. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Graham, Emelie Linnéa, et al.
(författare)
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Physical and chemical properties of aerosol particles and cloud residuals on Mt. angstrom reskutan in Central Sweden during summer 2014
- 2020
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Ingår i: Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology. - : Stockholm University Press. - 0280-6509 .- 1600-0889. ; 72:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The size distribution, volatility and hygroscopicity of ambient aerosols and cloud residuals were measured with a differential mobility particle sizer (DMPS) and a volatility-hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyser (VHTDMA) coupled to a counterflow virtual impactor (CVI) inlet during the Cloud and Aerosol Experiment at Are (CAEsAR) campaign at Mt. Areskutan during summer 2014. The chemical composition of particulate matter (PM) and cloud water were analysed offline using thermo-optical OC/EC analysis and ion chromatography. The importance of aerosol particle size for cloud droplet activation and subsequent particle scavenging was clearly visible in the measured size distributions. Cloud residuals were shifted towards larger sizes compared to ambient aerosol, and the cloud events were followed by a size distribution dominated by smaller particles. Organics dominated both PM (62% organic mass fraction) and cloud water (63% organic mass fraction) composition. The volatility and hygroscopicity of the ambient aerosols were representative of homogeneous aged aerosol with contributions from biogenic secondary organics, with median volume fraction remaining (VFR) of 0.04-0.05, and median hygroscopicity parameter kappa of 0.16-0.24 for 100-300 nm particles. The corresponding VFR and kappa for the cloud residuals were 0.03-0.04 and 0.18-0.20. The chemical composition, hygroscopicity and volatility measurements thus showed no major differences between the ambient aerosol particles and cloud residuals. The VFR and kappa values predicted based on the chemical composition measurements agreed well with the VHTDMA measurements, indicating the bulk chemical composition to be a reasonable approximation throughout the size distribution. There were indications, however, of some more subtle changes in time scales not achievable by the offline chemical analysis applied here. Further, online observations of aerosol and cloud residual chemical composition are therefore warranted.
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| 4. |
- Kavathatzopoulos, Iordanis, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Ethical usability of IT systems : How to consider relevant factors and how to find solutions
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Fifth Asia-Pacific Computing and Philosophy Conference. - Tokyo : Tokyo University.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- IT dominates and permeates every aspect of our life. Therefore it is of outmost significance to work well and satisfy our important values. Decision makers, developers, users and purchasers need high ethical competence and confidence in working with ethical issues during IT systems development. Our approach, based on classical philosophy and psychological research focuses on ethical competence and skills. Suitable tools and working methods that support decision makers of handling ethical usability issues is the aim of our research. EthXpert, one of our tools, supports the adoption of a holistic approach, of critical reasoning and of systematic analysis of the ethical aspects during concrete IT systems development. In an evaluation study of EthXpert users were able to identify significant ethical aspects and to integrate those into the design of the IT systems they were investigating.
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