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- Accomando, E., et al.
(författare)
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Physics with e + e - linear colliders
- 1998
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Ingår i: Physics Reports. - 0370-1573. ; 299:1, s. 1-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The physics potential of e + e - linear colliders is summarized in this report. These machines are planned to operate in the first phase at a center-of-mass energy of 500 GeV, before being scaled up to about 1 TeV. In the second phase of the operation, a final energy of about 2 TeV is expected. The machines will allow us to perform precision tests of the heavy particles in the Standard Model, the top quark and the electroweak bosons. They are ideal facilities for exploring the properties of Higgs particles, in particular in the intermediate mass range. New vector bosons and novel matter particles in extended gauge theories can be searched for and studied thoroughly. The machines provide unique opportunities for the discovery of particles in supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model, the spectrum of Higgs particles, the supersymmetric partners of the electroweak gauge and Higgs bosons, and of the matter particles. High precision analyses of their properties and interactions will allow for extrapolations to energy scales close to the Planck scale where gravity becomes significant. In alternative scenarios, i.e. compositeness models, novel matter particles and interactions can be discovered and investigated in the energy range above the existing colliders up to the TeV scale. Whatever scenario is realized in Nature, the discovery potential of e + e - linear colliders and the high precision with which the properties of particles and their interactions can be analyzed, define an exciting physics program complementary to hadron machines.
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- ILAG, LL, et al.
(författare)
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Pan-neurotrophin 1: a genetically engineered neurotrophic factor displaying multiple specificities in peripheral neurons in vitro and in vivo
- 1995
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424. ; 92:2, s. 607-611
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pan-neurotrophin 1 (PNT-1) is a synthetic trophic factor engineered by combining active domains of the neurotrophins nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neurotrophin 3 (NT-3) into an NT-3 backbone. This molecule was produced in transiently transfected COS cells or in baculovirus-infected insect cells transfected COS cells or in baculovirus-infected insect cells and subsequently purified to homogeneity. Saturation binding in embryonic spinal sensory neurons demonstrated a greater number of high-affinity binding sites for PNT-1 than for its parental molecule NT-3. PNT-1 was shown to efficiently block the chemical crosslinking of NGF, BDNF, and NT-3 to their cognate Trk receptors and to the low-affintiy NGF receptor expressed on neuronal and nonneuronal cells. PNT-1 stimulated survival and proliferation of MG87 fibroblasts expressing either TrkA, TrkB, or TrkC. PNT-1 also promoted survival of a greater number of embryonic dorsal root ganglion neurons than any of the other neurotrophins alone, and its effects were equivalent to a combination of NGF, BDNF, and NT-3. Analysis of receptor-specific neurotrophic activities demonstrated that PNT-1 efficiently rescued TrkA mRNA-containing sympathetic neurons and TrkB and TrkC mRNA-containing sensory neurons from the dorsal root and nodose ganglia. Finally, PNT-1 showed robust retrograde transport to DRG neurons in vivo after injection into the sciatic nerve. Radiolabeled PNT-1 accumulated in small-, medium-, and large-sized neurons. Coinjection with different unlabeled neurotrophins inhibited PNT-1 transport in distinct subpopulations of neurons of different sizes, suggesting that this molecule affects sensory neurons of different modalities. These results indicate that PNT-1 is a potent and multispecific neurotrophic factor that may be useful in the treatment of peripheral neurophathies and nerve damage.
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