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- Qamar, Ahsan, et al.
(författare)
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Dependency Modeling and Model Management in Mechatronic Design
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering. - ASME : ASME International. - 1530-9827 .- 1944-7078. ; 12:4, s. 041009-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mechatronic design is traditionally supported through domain-specific design activities throughout the product development process. The partitioning into domain-specific problems leads to a situation where product properties influence each other, hence giving rise to dependencies. These dependencies play a key role in the prediction of properties and, as a result, in the decision-making process. The important question is how to manage the dependencies for efficient and effective decision making? The aim of this paper is threefold. First, we investigate the nature of dependencies and study how to model them. The paper proposes appropriate terminology taking into account the synthesis and analysis nature of both the properties and the dependencies. This terminology will be the core of the new dependency modeling language. The concepts related to dependency modeling are then illustrated through a simple robot design example, where the creation and importance of a dependency model are explained. Second, we study practical approaches for consistency management and model management in the presence of dependencies. Six levels-of-detail in modeling dependencies are presented; emphasizing that modeling at a higher level-of-detail ensures that more inconsistencies are avoided. Available languages such as OMG SysML™ are evaluated for a possible creation of the dependency models leading toward executable dependency networks. However, at present, SysML does not provide sufficiently rich language constructs to model dependencies. Third, we compare our dependency modeling approach to other state-of-the-art approaches such as dependency modeling with a design structure matrix (DSM), and highlight the benefits of the terminology proposed in this paper. We aim to convince the reader that there is substantial value in modeling dependencies explicitly, especially to avoid inconsistencies, which is not the current state of practice. However, an overall value from dependency modeling can only be obtained if the cost of creating the dependency model is reasonable. Issues such as human interaction/effort and model management through product lifecycle management (PLM) are discussed.
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| 2. |
- Chew, Michelle, et al.
(författare)
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Extravascular lung water index: Diagnostic accuracy and relation to lung injury and mortality in patients with shock
- 2011
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Ingår i: Intensive Care Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0342-4642 .- 1432-1238. ; 37:1 Suppl, s. 98-98
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION. The diagnosis of acute lung injury may be more robust if more accurate physiological markers can be identified. Extravascular lung water index (EVLWI) may be useful and has been shown to correlate with respiratory function and mortality in patients with sepsis and ARDS. Whether this applies to a wider population, and which index performs best, are unclear. OBJECTIVES. We hypothesized that EVLWI correlates with respiratory function and mortality in patients with documented systemic inflammation and shock. We investigated EVLW indexed to actual and predicted body weight, and pulmonary blood volume. We investigated the diagnostic accuracy of EVLWI for lung injury. METHODS. In 51 patients with shock and SIRS, EVLWI was measured within 6 h of ICU admission and indexed to actual weight (EVLWI/ABW), predicted body weight (EVLWI/ PBW) and pulmonary blood volume (EVLWI/PBV). Relationships to lung injury and ICUmortality were investigated. Positive and negative likelihood ratios, pre- and post-test odds and ROC curves were calculated. RESULTS. EVLWI was higher among patients with lung injury and was significantly correlated with respiratory parameters. EVLWI/ABW was higher among non-survivors and gave the best positive likelihood ratios for diagnosing ALI/ARDS. In contrast, EVLWI/PBV gave better diagnostic value for severe lung injury according to Murray's LIS criteria. The post-test odds for ALI and ARDS increased threefold when using EVLWI/ABW as a bedside test. The post-test odds of severe lung injury increased eightfold using EVLWI/PBV. EVLWI/ABW and EVLWI/PBV generated the best ROC curves for mortality prediction with a sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 63-72%. CONCLUSIONS. EVLWI was associated with degree of lung injury, regardless of the index used, supporting its usefulness as a bedside indicator for disease severity. EVLWI/PBV and EVLW/ABW gave the best diagnostic accuracies for the diagnosis of lung injury, and generated the bestROCcurves for mortality prediction.EVLWI/ABWwas significantly increased in non-survivors. Further studies are needed to confirm the additional value of EVLWI for the early identification of lung injury.
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| 4. |
- Osorio, Ricardo S, et al.
(författare)
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The interaction between sleep-disordered breathing and apolipoprotein E genotype on cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease in cognitively normal elderly individuals.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Neurobiology of aging. - : Elsevier BV. - 1558-1497 .- 0197-4580. ; 35:6, s. 1318-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have suggested a link between sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and dementia risk. In the present study, we analyzed the relationship between SDB severity, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Alzheimer's disease-biomarkers, and the ApoE alleles. A total of 95 cognitively normal elderly participants were analyzed for SDB severity, CSF measures of phosphorylated-tau (p-tau), total-tau (t-tau), and amyloid beta 42 (Aβ-42), as well as ApoE allele status. In ApoE3+ subjects, significant differences were found between sleep groups for p-tau (F[df2]= 4.3, p= 0.017), and t-tau (F[df2]= 3.3, p= 0.043). Additionally, among ApoE3+ subjects, the apnea and/or hypopnea with 4% O2-desaturation index was positively correlated with p-tau (r= 0.30, p= 0.023), t-tau (r= 0.31, p= 0.021), and Aβ-42 (r= 0.31, p= 0.021). In ApoE2+ subjects, the apnea and/or hypopnea with 4% O2-desaturation index was correlated with lower levels of CSF Aβ-42 (r=-0.71, p= 0.004), similarly to ApoE4+ subjects where there was also a trend toward lower CSF Aβ-42 levels. Our observations suggest that there is an association between SDB and CSF Alzheimer's disease-biomarkers in cognitively normal elderly individuals. Existing therapies for SDB such as continuous positive airway pressure could delay the onset to mild cognitive impairment or dementia in normal elderly individuals.
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