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| 2. |
- Yao, W-M, et al.
(författare)
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Review of Particle Physics
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0954-3899 .- 1361-6471. ; 33:1, s. 1-1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Amsler, C., et al.
(författare)
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Review of particle physics
- 2008
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Ingår i: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 667:1-5, s. 1-1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This biennial Review summarizes much of particle physics. Using data from previous editions., plus 2778 new measurements from 645 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We also summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors., probability, and statistics. Among the 108 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on CKM quark-mixing matrix, V-ud & V-us, V-cb & V-ub, top quark, muon anomalous magnetic moment, extra dimensions, particle detectors, cosmic background radiation, dark matter, cosmological parameters, and big bang cosmology.
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| 4. |
- Fisher, D., et al.
(författare)
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The Mt Logan Holocene-late Wisconsinan isotope record : Tropical Pacific-Yukon connections
- 2008
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Ingår i: Holocene. - : SAGE Publications. ; 18:5, s. 667-677
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ice core recovered from Prospector Russell Col on Mt Logan (5.4 km a.s.l.), in the Yukon spans over 20 000 years. This unique record offers a Pacific view of the stable isotope and chemical record from the Lateglacial to the present. The timescale is based on seasonal counted years, the largest known volcanic acid signatures and the major shift in stable isotopes and chemistry at the end of the Younger Dryas. There are large and sustained changes in the stable isotopic record that are anti-correlated with marine and continental chemistry series. The oxygen-18 in this area is not a proxy for palaeotemperature but rather for source region. The last major isotope shift in AD 1840 in δ(18O) and chemistry is compared with the Quinn's ENSO record. During periods of more frequent La Niña (stronger tropical easterlies) there is more zonal flow of water vapour transport to the Pacific Northwest, δ(18O) values are larger and the deuterium excess d smaller. These periods coincide with periods of lower accumulation/precipitation in southern Yukon. The Holocene δ(18O) record indicates many large shifts between the meridional (strong El Niño) and zonal (La Niña). Comparison of the Logan isotopic record and the moisture/temperature-sensitive time series of peat bog inception dates for the Northwest shows a strong correlation (0.36) that points to high accumulation rates coincident with low δ(18O) and enhanced meridional flow. Major changes in the core at 4200 BP and 7000—8000 BP point to enhanced meridional flow, which coincide with big changes in the Pacific palaeorecords of the balance between El Niño and La Niña. 4200 BP seems to have inaugurated the `modern' ENSO world.
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| 5. |
- Giskes, K, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in smoking behaviour between 1985 and 2000 in nine European countries by education
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. - : BMJ. - 1470-2738 .- 0143-005X. ; 59:5, s. 395-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine whether trends in smoking behaviour in Western Europe between 1985 and 2000 differed by education group. Design: Data of smoking behaviour and education level were obtained from national cross sectional surveys conducted between 1985 and 2000 (a period characterised by intense tobacco control policies) and analysed for countries combined and each country separately. Annual trends in smoking prevalence and the quantity of cigarettes consumed by smokers were summarised for each education level. Education inequalities in smoking were examined at four time points. Setting: Data were obtained from nine European countries: Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany, Italy, and Spain. Participants: 451 386 non-institutionalised men and women 25-79 years old. Main outcome measures: Smoking status, daily quantity of cigarettes consumed by smokers. Results: Combined country analyses showed greater declines in smoking and tobacco consumption among tertiary educated men and women compared with their less educated counterparts. In country specific analyses, elementary educated British men and women, and elementary educated Italian men showed greater declines in smoking than their more educated counterparts. Among Swedish, Finnish, Danish, German, Italian, and Spanish women, greater declines were seen among more educated groups. Conclusions: Widening education inequalities in smoking related diseases may be seen in several European countries in the future. More insight into effective strategies specifically targeting the smoking behaviour of low educated groups may be gained from examining the tobacco control policies of the UK and Italy over this period.
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| 6. |
- Bjornvold, M., et al.
(författare)
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FOXP3 polymorphisms in type 1 diabetes and coeliac disease
- 2006
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Ingår i: J Autoimmun. - : Elsevier BV. - 0896-8411. ; 27:2, s. 140-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The FOXP3 gene encodes a transcription factor thought to be essential for the development and function of T regulatory cells. Two previous studies have tested common polymorphisms in FOXP3 for association with type 1 diabetes (T1D) with conflicting results. The aim of our study was to see whether there is any evidence of association between the FOXP3 polymorphisms previously reported to be associated with T1D, in a Caucasian population regarding T1D and coeliac disease (CD). We further looked for evidence of interaction between FOXP3 polymorphisms and HLA-DR3 in conferring susceptibility to T1D. Initially, we analysed two microsatellites in the FOXP3 gene in 363 T1D nuclear families. Our results indicated an association between FOXP3 and T1D (global p=0.004) and a possible interaction between FOXP3 and the HLA-DR3-DQ2 susceptibility haplotype. We then genotyped an additional independent set of 826 T1D patients and 1459 controls as well as one CD dataset consisting of 325 families. A similar tendency was revealed in the CD family material (pnc=0.055 for the associated allele). On the other hand, we were unable to reproduce our initial findings in the T1D case-control dataset (global p=0.6). Our results suggest that the tested FOXP3 markers do not have any major impact on susceptibility for these diseases.
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| 7. |
- Bonini, S., et al.
(författare)
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Allergy and clinical immunology services in europe*
- 2006
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Ingår i: Allergy.. ; 61:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Allergology and Clinical Immunology (ACI) is an area of clinical medicine with a precise identity, relevant recent scientific achievements and well-defined educational and professional needs. In spite of the high individual and socio-economic impact of allergic diseases in Europe, the organization of ACI services is imperfect and varies among countries according to their health policies and priorities. In the firm belief of the role of ACI specialists in addressing clinical issues related to the involvement of the immune system in health and diseases-such as vaccination, immunodeficiencies, susceptibility and response to microbial agents, autoimmune and allergic diseases, immune aspects of transplantation and malignancies, in vivo and in vitro immunological tests, vaccinations, immuno-modifiers-the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology appointed an ad hoc Task Force to produce standards for ACI Services in Europe. The resulting position paper should be used as a consulting reference for National Health Services as a necessary pre-requisite for the free circulation to patients and health care professionals.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Fisher, W. D., et al.
(författare)
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Rivaroxaban for thromboprophylaxis after orthopaedic surgery: pooled analysis of two studies
- 2007
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Ingår i: Thromb Haemost. - 0340-6245. ; 97:6, s. 931-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rivaroxaban (BAY 59-7939) is an oral, direct factor Xa inhibitor in clinical development for the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE). This analysis of pooled results from two phase II studies of rivaroxaban for VTE prevention after major orthopaedic surgery aimed to strengthen the conclusions of the individual studies. One study was conducted in patients undergoing total hip replacement (THR; N = 722), and one in patients undergoing total knee replacement (TKR; N = 621). In both studies, patients were randomized, doubleblind, to oral, twice-daily (bid) rivaroxaban beginning after surgery, or subcutaneous enoxaparin (40 mg once daily beginning before THR, and 30 mg bid beginning after TKR). Treatment continued until mandatory bilateral venography was performed 5-9 days after surgery. Total VTE (deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and all-cause mortality) occurred in 16.1-24.4% of per-protocol patients receiving rivaroxaban 5-60 mg, and 27.8% receiving enoxaparin (n = 914). There was a flat dose response relationship between rivaroxaban and total VTE (p = 0.39). Major bleeding (safety population, n = 1,317) increased dose-dependently with rivaroxaban (p < 0.001), occurring in 0.9%, 1.3%, 2.1%, 3.9%, and 7.0% of patients receiving rivaroxaban total daily doses of 5, 10, 20, 40, and 60 mg, respectively, versus 1.7% of patients receiving enoxaparin. No routine coagulation monitoring was performed, and there were no significant differences between dose response relationships with rivaroxaban after THR and TKR. Overall, rivaroxaban total daily doses of 5-20 mg had the most favorable balance of efficacy and safety, relative to enoxaparin, for the prevention of VTE after major orthopaedic surgery.
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| 10. |
- Godhe, Anna, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Intercalibration of classical and molecular techniques for identification of Alexandrium fundyense (Dinophyceae) and estimation of cell densities
- 2007
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Ingår i: Harmful Algae. - : Elsevier BV. - 1568-9883. ; 6:1, s. 56-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A workshop with the aim to compare classical and molecular techniques for phytoplankton enumeration took place at Kristineberg Marine Research Station, Sweden, in August 2005. Seventeen different techniques - nine classical microscopic-based and eight molecular methods - were compared. Alexandrium fundyense was the target organism in four experiments. Experiment 1 was designed to determine the range of cell densities over which the methods were applicable. Experiment 2 tested the species specificity of the methods by adding Alexandrium ostenfeldii, to samples containing A. fundyense. Experiments 3 and 4 tested the ability of the methods to detect the target organism within a natural phytoplankton community. Most of the methods could detect cells at the lowest concentration tested, 100 cells L-1, but the variance was high for methods using small volumes, such as counting chambers and slides. In general, the precision and reproducibility of the investigated methods increased with increased target cell concentration. Particularly molecular methods were exceptions in that their relative standard deviation did not vary with target cell concentration. Only two of the microscopic methods and three of the molecular methods had a significant linear relationship between their cell count estimates and the A. fundyense concentration in experiment 2, where the objective was to discriminate that species from a morphologically similar and genetically closely related species. None of the investigated methods were affected by the addition of a natural plankton community background matrix in experiment 3. The results of this study are discussed in the context of previous intercomparisons and the difficulties in defining the absolute, true target cell concentration. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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