| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Rudman, Ann, et al.
(författare)
-
Sjuksköterskor i frontlinjen av COVID-19 pandemin : vilka blev konsekvenserna? Teknisk rapport om enkät och datainsamling
- 2022
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport summerar datainsamlingen som genomfördes av SCB (Statistiska centralbyrån) i projektet ”Sjuksköterskor i frontlinjen av COVID-19 pandemin: Vilka blev konsekvenserna?”. Projektet är finansierat av AFA försäkring (Diarienr 200311). I kapitel 1 beskrivs bakgrund till LUST (Longitudinell Undersökning om Sjuksköterskors Tillvaro) studien. I kapitel 2 beskrivs studien utifrån design, rekrytering och datainsamling. I kapitel 3 redovisas översikt över innehållet i enkäten som skickades ut studiedeltagarna. Projektet bedrivs på Högskolan Dalarna och inom ramen för Petter Gustavssons forskargrupp vid Karolinska Institutet.Sjuksköterskor har varit i frontlinjen av COVID-19-pandemin och de stressorer som de utsatts för i sitt arbete inom hälso- och sjukvården kan orsaka hälsoproblem. I föreliggande projekt har en nationell kartläggning av sjuksköterskors arbetssituation och hälsa under COVID-19 pandemin gjorts. Undersökningen är gjord utifrån de tre sjuksköterskekohorter som följts inom ramen för LUST-studien sedan 2002 (Gustavsson et al., 2013; Rudman, Hörberg, et al., 2020; Rudman et al., 2010). I LUST-studien har närmare 4500 sjuksköterskestudenter följts med uppföljande enkäter från deras utbildningstid 11 till 15 år efter examen. En uppföljande enkätundersökning genomfördes i september 2021 till januari 2022 vilket motsvarar 15 till 19 år efter examen. En speciellt anpassad enkät med relevans och aktualitet för arbetet under pandemin hade utvecklats gemensamt med forskare som har expertis gällande sjuksköterskor i olika verksamheter som belastats under COVID-19 pandemin. Enkäterna besvarades när pandemin pågått i ungefär ett år och nio månader.I samarbete med SCB har datainsamlingen genomförts som en postenkät med påminnelser och med möjlighet att besvara frågorna online. Svarsfrekvensen för enkätstudien blev 57% för hela undersökningen (för samtliga kohorter), vilket bedöms vara en hög svarsfrekvens med tanke på hur belastad sjuksköterskekåren har varit under COVID-19 pandemin.
|
|
| 3. |
- Näslund Dahlgren, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Med Kamera i Arktis
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Fotografihistorier. - Stockholm : Natur & Kultur. - 9789127177000 ; , s. 111-115
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 4. |
- Rudman, Ann, et al.
(författare)
-
Consequences of early career nurse burnout : A prospective long-term follow-up on cognitive functions, depressive symptoms, and insomnia.
- 2020
-
Ingår i: eClinicalMedicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 2589-5370. ; 27
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Burnout is common among nurses and midwives. We examined whether an early career episode of burnout has long-term consequences on; a) cognitive functions, b) symptoms of depression, and/or c) insomnia for nurses a decade after graduation.Methods: Symptoms of burnout were investigated in an observational longitudinal study of three national cohorts of registered nurses (RNs). Nursing students were recruited from all 26 of Sweden's nursing programs. Burnout was subsequently measured through annual assessment over the first three years post graduation, with one long-term follow-up 11-15 years after graduation. A total of 2474 nurses (62%) consented to participate at follow-up. Burnout was measured using items from the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory, cognitive function by a study specific instrument, depressive symptoms by the Major Depression Inventory, and sleep problems using items from the Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire. We used logistic regression to identify factors associated with consequences of early career burnout, adjusting for concurrent levels at follow up.Findings: The prevalence of nurses reporting high levels of burnout symptoms at least one of the first three years of working life was 299 (12·3%). High levels of burnout symptoms in early working life were significantly related to more frequent symptoms of cognitive dysfunction, depression, and impaired sleep a decade later when taking current burnout levels into account. After controlling for both current symptoms of burnout and the other outcome variables, nurses with early career burnout still reported more frequent problems with cognitive functions and sleep but not depression.Interpretation: The results of this study show that the detrimental processes caused by overwhelming or chronic stress start early on in nurses' careers and thus preventive efforts should preferably be introduced early on (e.g. as part of nursing education and onboarding programs).Funding: AFA Insurance Grant [number 150284].
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Aler Tubella, Andrea, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
-
ACROCPoLis : a descriptive framework for making sense of fairness
- 2023
-
Ingår i: FAccT '23. - : ACM Digital Library. - 9781450372527 ; , s. 1014-1025
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fairness is central to the ethical and responsible development and use of AI systems, with a large number of frameworks and formal notions of algorithmic fairness being available. However, many of the fairness solutions proposed revolve around technical considerations and not the needs of and consequences for the most impacted communities. We therefore want to take the focus away from definitions and allow for the inclusion of societal and relational aspects to represent how the effects of AI systems impact and are experienced by individuals and social groups. In this paper, we do this by means of proposing the ACROCPoLis framework to represent allocation processes with a modeling emphasis on fairness aspects. The framework provides a shared vocabulary in which the factors relevant to fairness assessments for different situations and procedures are made explicit, as well as their interrelationships. This enables us to compare analogous situations, to highlight the differences in dissimilar situations, and to capture differing interpretations of the same situation by different stakeholders.
|
|
| 7. |
- Alizadehgharib, Sara, et al.
(författare)
-
Immunological response of human leucocytes after exposure to lipopolysaccharides from Porphyromonas gingivalis.
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Clinical and experimental dental research. - : Wiley. - 2057-4347. ; 7:4, s. 531-538
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is a gram-negative bacterium and an important etiologic agent of periodontitis. P. gingivalis releases outer membrane vesicles containing lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which can penetrate periodontal tissues. Once in the periodontal tissues and in contact with immune cells, it may participate in the destructive innate host response associated with the disease. The exact mechanism of P. gingivalis LPS in the disease process is not clear, but it is known to affect a variety of immune responses.To investigate how LPS from P. gingivalis affect neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, cell death and production of cytokines from human neutrophils and peripheral mononuclear blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).Isolated neutrophils and PBMCs were cultured with LPS from P. gingivalis or Escherichia coli (E. coli) (control). The NET formation was measured using Sytox green stain. Cell death of neutrophils and PBMCs was analyzed using flow cytometry or Sytox green stain. Cytokine production was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit or Bio-Plex assay.Exposure to LPS from P. gingivalis and E. coli caused significantly lower cell death in neutrophils. NETs were formed after exposure to the two different LPS. In PBMCs, exposure to P. gingivalis and E. coli LPS caused increased levels of IL-1β and IL-6 compared to unstimulated controls. Increased cell death in PBMCs after exposure to LPS from E. coli in comparison to LPS from P. gingivalis and unstimulated controls was also observed.LPS from P. gingivalis has the ability to affect both human neutrophils and PBMCs with regard to cytokine production, cell death and production of NETs. LPS from P. gingivalis could be involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, and our results may contribute information regarding possible markers for diagnosis and targets for treatment of periodontal disease.
|
|
| 8. |
- Alizadehgharib, Sara, et al.
(författare)
-
The effects of the dental methacrylates TEGDMA, Bis-GMA, and UDMA on neutrophils in vitro.
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Clinical and experimental dental research. - : Wiley. - 2057-4347. ; 6:4, s. 439-447
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The prevalent usage of methacrylates in modern dentistry demands good knowledge of their biological impacts. While there have been several studies demonstrating the effects of different methacrylic monomers on mononuclear white blood cells, very little is known about the effects caused by these monomers on neutrophilic granulocytes. The objective of this study was to add novel knowledge about how neutrophils are affected by exposure to triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), and bisphenol A glycol dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA) alone or in combinations.Isolated neutrophils were cultured in the presence or absence of methacrylates. The IL-8 release was measured using a DuoSet ELISA development kit. Apoptosis and necrosis were analyzed using flow cytometry. The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was investigated using Sytox green DNA staining combined with microscopically examination of released DNA and myeloperoxidase (MPO).The release of IL-8 was significantly increased after exposure to TEGDMA, Bis-GMA, UDMA, or TEGDMA in combination with Bis-GMA or UDMA compared to the unstimulated controls. Exposure to TEGDMA, UDMA, and Bis-GMA for 24hr separately or in combination did not affect apoptosis or necrosis of the exposed neutrophils. NET structures were formed by neutrophils after exposure to the different combinations of the methacrylates.The combination of TEGDMA and Bis-GMA had a synergistic proinflammatory effect on neutrophils by increasing the release of IL-8 and the formation of NET structures. The changes in the normal functions of neutrophils caused by methacrylate exposure may lead to altered inflammatory response and relate to previously reported adverse immune reactions caused by these substances.
|
|
| 9. |
- Björk, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
High prevalence of neurodevelopmental problems in adolescents eligible for bariatric surgery for severe obesity
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 110:5, s. 1534-1540
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To assess the prevalence of neurodevelopmental problems in adolescents with severe obesity and their associations with binge eating and depression. Methods: Data were collected at inclusion in a randomised study of bariatric surgery in 48 adolescents (73% girls; mean age 15.7 ± 1.0 years; mean body mass index 42.6 ± 5.2 kg/m2). Parents completed questionnaires assessing their adolescents’ symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder and reported earlier diagnoses. Patients answered self-report questionnaires on binge eating and depressive symptoms. Results: The parents of 26/48 adolescents (54%) reported scores above cut-off for symptoms of the targeted disorders in their adolescents, but only 15% reported a diagnosis, 32% of adolescents reported binge eating, and 20% reported symptoms of clinical depression. No significant associations were found between neurodevelopmental problems and binge eating or depressive symptoms. Only a third of the adolescents reported no problems in either area. Conclusion: Two thirds of adolescents seeking surgical weight loss presented with substantial mental health problems (reported by themselves or their parents). This illustrates the importance of a multi-professional approach and the need to screen for and treat mental health disorders in adolescents with obesity.
|
|
| 10. |
- Bujacz, Aleksandra, et al.
(författare)
-
Psychosocial working conditions of shiftworking nurses : A long-term latent transition analysis
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Nursing Management. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0966-0429 .- 1365-2834. ; 29:8, s. 2603-2610
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: This study aimed to identify profiles of working conditions to which nurses were exposed to over time and investigate how changes in working conditions relate to shiftworking and health.Background: Previous studies rarely addressed the issue of working conditions development over long periods and the effects of such development on nurses' health.Methods: Data from a national cohort of nurses in Sweden (N = 2936) were analysed using a person-centred analytical approach-latent profile and latent transition analysis.Results: Nurses report better psychosocial working conditions as they progress into mid-career. Shiftworking nurses experience poorer working conditions than their dayworking counterparts and tend to move from shiftwork to daywork as they progress into mid-career. In mid-career, nurses in work environments characterized by low autonomy and support tend to report poorer health outcomes.Conclusion: Current analyses suggest that shiftworking nurses are particularly in need of interventions that address poor work environments. Not only do they experience more negative psychosocial working conditions than their dayworking counterparts, but they do so while having to contend with demanding schedules. Implications for Nursing Management The findings highlight that organisational interventions should target different aspects of the work environment for nurses in diverse stages of their careers.
|
|
