| 1. |
- Heimann, Mikael, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Imitation in Autism: A preliminary research note
- 1992
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Ingår i: Behavioural Neurology. - 0953-4180 .- 1875-8584. ; 5:4, s. 219-227
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have claimed that children with autism are poor imitators and a lack of imitative capacity has been included by some investigators as one early sign of autism. Presented here are results from a pilot study focusing on observed imitation after presenting 15 tasks to five children with autism (mental age 25-51 months). Imitation tasks involving simple object manipulation, vocal responses, facial and manual gestures, and object substitution were presented to each child. The performance of the children with autism is compared with (1) three normaI4-year-old children (for all 15 tasks), and (2) observations from 28 healthy l-year-olds (for 10 of the tasks used). The findings indicate that the autistic group displayed the highest level of imitation on object manipulation and vocal tasks while object substitution, facial, and motor imitation acts seemed to be difficult for children with autism. However, the small number of children included as well as the individual variation observed among the autistic subjects precludes any definite conclusions from these pilot observations. It is hypothesized that imitation in children with autism has to be studied separately for different domains and probably also for different subgroups within autistic population.
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| 2. |
- Lundqvist, Helen, et al.
(författare)
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Neutrophil control of formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine induced mobilization of secretory vesicles and NADPH-oxidase activation: Effect of an association of the ligand-receptor complex to the cytoskeleton
- 1994
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Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. Molecular Cell Research. - : Elsevier. - 0167-4889 .- 1879-2596. ; 1224:1, s. 43-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The stimulus formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) interacts with neutrophils and generates signal(s) in the cells that induces mobilization of the secretory vesicles as well as activation of the superoxide anion/hydrogen peroxide generating NADPH-oxidase. Binding, at 15°C, of FMLP to its neutrophil surface receptor is followed by an association of the ligand-receptor complex to the cell cytoskeleton, and this association occurs concomitant with a desensitization of the cells with respect to activation of the NADPH-oxidase. Other stimuli can still activate the oxidase (in fact even induce a primed response), indicating that the observed phenomenon is stimulus specific and could not be accounted for by an effect on the oxidase itself, but rather that the association of the ligand-receptor complex to the cytoskeleton eliminates the capacity of the complex to generate the signal(s) that activates the NADPH-oxidase. The cytoskeleton associated ligand-receptor complex generates, however, the signal(s) responsible for mobilization of the secretory vesicles, to the plasma membrane, and this mobilization occurs without any increase in the intracellular concentration of free Ca2+.
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