| 1. |
- Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Regional Patterns of Late Medieval and Early Modern European Building Activity Revealed by Felling Dates
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-701X. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although variations in building activity are a useful indicator of societal well-being and demographic development, historical datasets for larger regions and longer periods are still rare. Here, we present 54,045 annually precise dendrochronological felling dates from historical construction timber from across most of Europe between 1250 and 1699 CE to infer variations in building activity. We use geostatistical techniques to compare spatiotemporal dynamics in past European building activity against independent demographic, economic, social and climatic data. We show that the felling dates capture major geographical patterns of demographic trends, especially in regions with dense data coverage. A particularly strong negative association is found between grain prices and the number of felling dates. In addition, a significant positive association is found between the number of felling dates and mining activity. These strong associations, with well-known macro-economic indicators from pre-industrial Europe, corroborate the use of felling dates as an independent source for exploring large-scale fluctuations of societal well-being and demographic development. Three prominent examples are the building boom in the Hanseatic League region of northeastern Germany during the 13th century, the onset of the Late Medieval Crisis in much of Europec. 1300, and the cessation of building activity in large parts of central Europe during armed conflicts such as the Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648 CE). Despite new insights gained from our European-wide felling date inventory, further studies are needed to investigate changes in construction activity of high versus low status buildings, and of urban versus rural buildings, and to compare those results with a variety of historical documentary sources and natural proxy archives.
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| 2. |
- Daly, Aoife, et al.
(författare)
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Neptunus and To Løver : An Archaeological, Archival, and Dendrochronological Survey of Two Danish Prize Ships, Scuttled in the Stockholm Archipelago in 1659
- 2024
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Ingår i: Acta Archaeologica. - 0065-101X .- 1600-0390. ; 94:1, s. 176-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the archaeological survey, dendrochronological analysis, and archival research concerning two shipwrecks located in shallow waters outside Vaxholm in the Stockholm Archipelago, Baltic Sea. According to oral tradition, the two wrecks are the remains of Neptunus and To Løver, two former Danish warships that were taken as prizes at the battle of Fehmarn in 1644. The Swedish navy then used the two ships until 1659, when they were reportedly scuttled as a blockage along the sea route towards Stockholm. Before being intentionally scuttled, the two ships drifted away and sank. The work presented in this article confirms the substance of the tradition and reports that substantial portions of the two ships are preserved. Moreover, the two wrecks shed light on the scuttling process and the construction of an underwater barrier.
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| 3. |
- Daly, Aoife, et al.
(författare)
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UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, Article 2 and Discrimination on the Basis of Childhood : The CRC Paradox?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of International Law. - : Brill. - 0902-7351 .- 1571-8107. ; 91:3, s. 419-452
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The crc as an instrument calls attention to children as a group. Yet paradoxically it has not resulted in explicit consideration of discrimination against children on the basis of childhood (i.e. detrimental treatment for being young/under 18) in the same way that has happened for other groups like women and ethnic minorities in instruments drafted specifically for their rights. Children are more likely to suffer poverty and violence than adults, and under-18s are largely excluded from national legislation prohibiting unfair discrimination. In this article the jurisprudence of the Committee on the Rights of the Child is examined and it is established that even though child-specific discriminatory practices such as corporal punishment are criticised by the Committee, they are seldom labelled ‘discrimination’ as such. The Committee reserves consideration of Article 2, which enshrines the principle of non-discrimination, for traditionally disadvantaged groups of children such as girls and ethnic minorities. It is concluded that Article 2 has great potential for drawing attention to detrimental treatment for being young/under 18, but that the phenomenon must be more explicitly referenced with greater frequency in law, practice, and scholarship.
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| 4. |
- Eriksson, Niklas, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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The Maderö wreck : a ship loaded with bricks from Lübeck sunk in the Stockholm Archipelago in the late 15th century
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Nautical Archaeology. - 1057-2414 .- 1095-9270.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Maderö wreck was discovered in the 1960s in the Stockholm Archipelago, Sweden. An archaeological investigation undertaken in 2022 included the inspection and documentation of visible ship parts, sampling for dendrochronological analysis and sampling for ICP analysis from the brick cargo. The results show that the wood originates from the Baltic Sea area and was felled after 1467, while the clay for the brick originates from the Mecklenburg-Vorpommern area. The ship's technical analysis shows that it is a large clinker-built merchant ship. Traces of iron on a recovered stone shot indicate that the ship was armed when it sank.
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| 5. |
- von Arbin, Staffan, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Tracing Trade Routes: Examining the Cargo of the 15th-Century Skaftö Wreck
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Nautical Archaeology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1057-2414 .- 1095-9270. ; 51:1, s. 112-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Skaftö wreck of c.1440, situated north of Gothenburg, Sweden, was investigated between the years 2005 and 2009. Investigations revealed a variety of cargoes, such as copper and speiss ingots, barrels with lime and tar, bricks and roof tiles, and oak timber in the form of planks and boards. In order to identify the different cargo types found on the wreck, and, possibly, establish their geographical origin, a variety of analytical methods have been utilized. The present study accounts for the archaeological investigations of the cargo and for the analyses that have been conducted to date. Results are compared to and discussed in relation to other contemporaneous source material, both historical and archaeological. Based on this examination, it is concluded that the vessel was heading from the southeastern corner of the Baltic Sea, most likely Danzig (Gdańsk), aiming for the Western European market, possibly Bruges.
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