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- Ahnquist, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Utvärdering pågår!
- 2003
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Ingår i: Alkohol & Narkotika. - 0345-0732. ; 97:4-5, s. 47-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 3. |
- Aneblom, Gunilla
(författare)
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The Emergency Contraceptive Pill – a Second Chance : Knowledge, Attitudes and Experiences Among Users and Providers
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this thesis was to study knowledge, attitudes and experience of emergency contraceptive pills among women and providers. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used. Focus-group interviews were conducted with teenage-girls (I) and with women who had purchased ECP without prescription (IV). Self-administered waiting-room questionnaires were administered to women presenting for induced abortion in three large hospitals (II, III), and after the deregulation of ECP, a postal questionnaire was sent to pharmacy staff and nurse-midwives in three counties in mid-Sweden (V). Overall, women showed high basic awareness of ECP although specific knowledge such as the level of effectiveness, time-frames and how the method works was lacking. Approval of the method was high and most women were positive to use the method if they needed. Contradictory views as to whether ECP undermines contraceptive behavior were expressed. As many as 43% of women requesting induced abortion had a history of one or more previous abortions. Among the abortion applicants, one out of five, 22%, had previously used ECP and 3% had used it to prevent the current pregnancy. Media and friends were the two most common sources of information on ECP. Half of the women, 52%, were positive to having ECP prescription-free. Those women who had purchased ECP in a pharmacy without prescription, appreciated this possibility, and the major benefits expressed were time saving aspects. No severe side-effects were reported. The women's experiences of interaction with pharmacy staff were both positive and negative. The importance of up-to-date information about ECP and the OTC-availability from the health care providers was emphasized. Both pharmacy staff and nurse-midwives had positive attitudes towards ECP and the OTC availability. Of pharmacy staff, 38% reported that they referred women to nurse-midwives/gynecologists for further counseling and follow-ups. The need for increased communication and collaboration between pharmacies and local family planning clinics was reported by both study groups with suggestions of regular meetings for information and discussions. The results suggest that ECP is still underused and that more factual information is needed before the method is becoming a known, accepted and integrated back-up method to the existing family planning repertoire. Longitudinal research to assess the long-term effects of ECP is needed.
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- Bylund, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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Chromatographic alignment by warping and dynamic programming as a pre-processing tool for PARAFAC modelling of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry data
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Chromatography A. - 0021-9673. ; 961:2, s. 237-244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solutes analysed with LC–MS are characterised by their retention times and mass spectra, and quantified by the intensities measured. This highly selective information can be extracted by multiway modelling. However, for full use and interpretability it is necessary that the assumptions made for the model are valid. For PARAFAC modelling, the assumption is a trilinear data structure. With LC–MS, several factors, e.g. non-linear detector response and ionisation suppression may introduce deviations from trilinearity. The single largest problem, however, is the retention time shifts not related to the true sample variations. In this paper, a time warping algorithm for alignment of LC–MS data in the chromatographic direction has been examined. Several refinements have been implemented and the features are demonstrated for both simulated and real data. With moderate time shifts present in the data, pre-processing with this algorithm yields approximately trilinear data for which reasonable models can be made.
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- Bylund, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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Peak purity assessment in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Chromatography A. - 0021-9673. ; 915:1/2, s. 43-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fixed-size moving window evolving factor analysis and base peak chromatograms have been used for peak purity detection in data generated with LC–MS. The two methods were evaluated with both real and simulated data and were found to be fast and complementary to each other. When a possibly impure peak is detected, it is suggested that further information can be obtained from local principal component analysis modelling and comparative mass chromatogram plots.
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