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- Frank, Adrian, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of two monitoring systems for Cu and Mo in the Swedish environment
- 2004
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. ; :330, s. 131-143
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bio-geochemical samples (BGS) are roots of certain aquatic plants and mosses suitable for monitoring elements dissolved in stream water. The moose, a wild ruminant living in most parts of Sweden, represents higher trophic level and another manifestation of bioavailability. By analyzing BGS (n=33 600) and moose liver (n=2400), a systematic survey has been performedin the terrestrial environment of Sweden. Cu and Mo are essential elements for life, and their presence is especially important for the Cu-dependent processes in ruminants. The availability of Cu and Mo as monitored in BGS and moose was visualized in the form of maps and subjected to further statistical analysis. The medians, with lower and upper quartiles indicated as intervals, for the country as a whole were: moose liver, Cu=34 (20-59), Mo=0.82 (0.58-1.06) mg kg -1 wet weight; BGS, Cu=50 (35-77), Mo=9.0 (5.3-18.0) mg kg -1 dry weight. The ranges of medians for the 22 Swedish counties were: moose liver, Cu=(20-62), Mo=(0.54-1.18) mg kg -1 wet weight; BGS, Cu=(28-115), Mo=(5-47) mg kg -1 dry weight. The relationships between the counties and the connections between the monitoring variables were elucidated by principal component analysis (PCA). It was demonstrated that two monitoring systems could give divergent results. An unexpectedly strong negative correlation was found between the county medians for Cu in BGS and moose liver. A possible explanation, based on the interaction between Cu and Mo in moose, could not be verified.
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- Strömland, Kerstin, 1934, et al.
(författare)
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Mobius sequence--a Swedish multidiscipline study.
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Journal of Pediatric Neurology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-3798. ; 6:1, s. 35-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Möbius sequence/syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by congenital palsy of the 6th and 7th cranial nerves. Other cranial nerves may be affected, skeletal and orofacial anomalies and mental retardation occur. The aims were to determine the frequency of associated clinical characteristics and to identify any pregnancy or environmental factors in patients with Möbius sequence. A prospective study of 25 Swedes with apparent involvement of the 6th and 7th cranial nerves was performed and 25 patients, 1 month to 55 years old, were examined. Obvious associated systemic anomalies observed included: limb malformations (10), Poland anomaly (2), hypodontia (7), microglossia (6), cleft palate (4), hearing impairment (5) and external ear malformation (1). Pronounced functional abnormalities were observed involving facial expression (16), speech (13), eating and swallowing (12) and difficulty in sucking in infancy (11). Six patients had an autistic syndrome, one an autistic-like condition, and mental retardation was found in all these patients. No common aetiological cause was found but their mothers' pregnancy histories revealed a history of benzodiazepines (1), bleeding during pregnancy (8), spontaneous abortion (7) and chorion villus sampling in the second month of pregnancy (1). In conclusion, many patients had multiple problems with eating and communication resulting from facial palsy, cleft palate and tongue anomalies. Autism and mental retardation was diagnosed in one-third of the patients. Awareness of the wide spectrum of manifestations in Möbius sequence will assist in identification of the associated malformations and functional problems that are often seen and result in better care of the children.
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