| 1. |
- Albrecht, Inka, et al.
(författare)
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Development of autoantibodies against muscle-specific FHL1 in severe inflammatory myopathies
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Investigation. - : AMER SOC CLINICAL INVESTIGATION INC. - 0021-9738 .- 1558-8238. ; 125:12, s. 4612-4624
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mutations of the gene encoding four-and-a-half LIM domain 1 (FHL1) are the causative factor of several X-linked hereditary myopathies that are collectively termed FHL1-related myopathies. These disorders are characterized by severe muscle dysfunction and damage. Here, we have shown that patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) develop autoimmunity to FHL1, which is a muscle-specific protein. Anti-FHL1 autoantibodies were detected in 25% of IIM patients, while patients with other autoimmune diseases or muscular dystrophies were largely anti-FHL1 negative. Anti-FHL1 reactivity was predictive for muscle atrophy, dysphagia, pronounced muscle fiber damage, and vasculitis. FHL1 showed an altered expression pattern, with focal accumulation in the muscle fibers of autoantibody-positive patients compared with a homogeneous expression in anti-FHL1-negative patients and healthy controls. We determined that FHL1 is a target of the cytotoxic protease granzyme B, indicating that the generation of FHL1 fragments may initiate FHL1 autoimmunity. Moreover, immunization of myositis-prone mice with FHL1 aggravated muscle weakness and increased mortality, suggesting a direct link between anti-FHL1 responses and muscle damage. Together, our findings provide evidence that FHL1 may be involved in the pathogenesis not only of genetic FHL1-related myopathies but also of autoimmune IIM. Importantly, these results indicate that anti-FHL1 autoantibodies in peripheral blood have promising potential as a biomarker to identify a subset of severe IIM.
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| 2. |
- Cedervall, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Low temperature magneto-structural transitions in Mn3Ni20P6
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Solid State Chemistry. - : Academic Press Inc.. - 0022-4596 .- 1095-726X. ; 237, s. 343-348
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- X-ray and neutron powder diffraction has been used to determine the crystal and magnetic structure of Mn3Ni20P6. The crystal structure can be described as cubic with space group Fm3¯m (225) without any nuclear phase transformation within studied temperature interval from room temperature down to 4 K. The magnetic structure of Mn3Ni20P6 is complex with two independent magnetic positions for the Mn atoms and the compound passes three successive magnetic phase transitions during cooling. At 30 K the spins of the Mn atoms on the Wyckoff 4a site (Mn1) order to form a primitive cubic antiferromagnetic structure with propagation vector k=(0 0 1). Between 29 and 26 K the Mn atoms on the Wyckoff 8c site (Mn2) order independently on already ordered Mn1 magnetic structure forming a commensurate antiferromagnetic structure with propagation vector k=(0 0 12) and below 26 K, both Mn positions order to form an incommensurate helical structure with propagation vector k=(0 0 ~0.45). Magnetization vs. temperature curve of Mn3Ni20P6 shows a steep increase indicating some magnetic ordering below 230 K and a sharp field dependent anomaly in a narrow temperature range around 30 K.
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| 3. |
- Geidenstam, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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Amino Acid Signatures to Evaluate the Beneficial Effects of Weight Loss
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Endocrinology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-8337 .- 1687-8345. ; 2017
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims. We investigated the relationship between circulating amino acid levels and obesity; to what extent weight loss followed by weight maintenance can correct amino acid abnormalities; and whether amino acids are related to weight loss. Methods. Amino acids associated with waist circumference (WC) and BMI were studied in 804 participants from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Cardiovascular Cohort (MDC-CC). Changes in amino acid levels were analyzed after weight loss and weight maintenance in 12 obese subjects and evaluated in a replication cohort (n = 83). Results. Out of the eight identified BMI-associated amino acids from the MDC-CC, alanine, isoleucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and glutamate decreased after weight loss, while asparagine increased after weight maintenance. These changes were validated in the replication cohort. Scores that were constructed based on obesity-associated amino acids and known risk factors decreased in the ≥10% weight loss group with an associated change in BMI (R(2) = 0.16-0.22, p < 0.002), whereas the scores increased in the <10% weight loss group (p < 0.0004). Conclusions. Weight loss followed by weight maintenance leads to differential changes in amino acid levels associated with obesity. Treatment modifiable scores based on epidemiological and interventional data may be used to evaluate the potential metabolic benefit of weight loss.
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| 4. |
- Hellström-Lindahl, Ewa, et al.
(författare)
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GPR44 is a pancreatic protein restricted to the human beta cell
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Diabetologica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0940-5429 .- 1432-5233. ; 53:3, s. 413-421
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: To address questions regarding onset and progression of types 1 and 2 diabetes (T1D/T2D), surrogate imaging biomarkers for beta cell function and mass are needed. Here, we assess the potential of GPR44 as a surrogate marker for beta cells, in a direct comparison with clinically used biomarker VMAT2.METHODS: GPR44 surface availability was assessed by flow cytometry of human beta cells. RNA transcription levels in different pancreas compartments were evaluated. The density of GPR44 receptor in endocrine and exocrine tissues was assessed by the radiolabeled GPR44 ligand [(3)H]AZD 3825. A direct comparison with the established beta cell marker VMAT2 was performed by radiolabeled [(3)H]DTBZ.RESULTS: GPR44 was available on the cell surface, and pancreatic RNA levels were restricted to the islets of Langerhans. [(3)H]AZD 3825 had nanomolar affinity for GPR44 in human islets and EndoC-βH1 beta cells, and the specific binding to human beta cells was close to 50 times higher than in exocrine preparations. The endocrine-to-exocrine binding ratio was approximately 10 times higher for [(3)H]AZD 3825 than for [(3)H]DTBZ.CONCLUSION: GPR44 is a highly beta cell-specific target, which potentially offers improved imaging contrast between the human beta cell and the exocrine pancreas.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Skog, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of Human Leukocyte Antigen Class I in Endocrine and Exocrine Pancreatic Tissue at Onset of Type 1 Diabetes
- 2015
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Ingår i: American Journal of Pathology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9440 .- 1525-2191. ; 185:1, s. 129-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cause of type 1 diabetes remains unknown. To dissect the Link between hyperexpression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class Ion the islet cells, we examined its expression in subjects with recent-onset type 1 diabetes. IHC showed seemingly pronounced hyperexpression in subjects with recent-onset type 1 diabetes, as well as in some nondiabetic subjects. In all subjects, HLA class I expression on exocrine tissue was Low. However, no difference in the level of HLA class I expression was found between islet and exocrine tissue using Western blot, flow cytometry, real-time quantitative PCR, or RNA sequencing analyses. Also, the Level of HLA class I expression on the messenger level was not increased in islets from subjects with recent-onset type 1 diabetes compared with that in nondiabetic subjects. Consistently, the HLA class I specific enhanceosome (NLRC5) and related transcription factors, as well as interferons, were not enhanced in islets from recent-onset type 1 diabetic subjects. In conclusion, a discrepancy in HLA class I expression in islets assessed by IHC was observed compared with that using quantitative techniques showing similar expression of HLA class I in islets and exocrine tissue in subjects with recent-onset type 1 diabetes, nor could any differences be found between type 1 diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. Results presented provide important clues for a better understanding on how this complex disease develops.
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| 7. |
- Sukkaew, Pitsiri
(författare)
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A Quantum Chemical Exploration of SiC Chemical Vapor Deposition
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- SiC is a wide bandgap semiconductor with many attractive properties. It hasattracted particular attentions in the areas of power and sensor devices as wellas biomedical and biosensor applications. This is owing to its properties suchas large bandgap, high breakdown electric field, high thermal conductivitiesand chemically robustness. Typically, SiC homoepitaxial layers are grownusing the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique. Experimental studiesof SiC CVD have been limited to post-process measuring of the layer ratherthan in situ measurements. In most cases, the observations are presented interms of input conditions rather than in terms of the unknown growth conditionnear the surface. This makes it difficult to really understand the underlyingmechanism of what causes the features observed experimentally. Withhelp of computational methods such as computational fluid dynamic (CFD)we can now explore various variables that are usually not possible to measure.CFD modeling of SiC CVD, however, requires inputs such as thermochemicalproperties and chemical reactions, which in many cases are not known. In thisthesis, we use quantum chemical calculations to provide the missing detailscomplementary to CFD modeling.We first determine the thermochemical properties of the halides and halohydridesof Si and C species, SiHnXm and CHnXm, for X being F, Cl and Brwhich were shown to be reliable compared to the available experimentaland/or theoretical data. In the study of gas-phase kinetics, we combine ab initiomethods and DFTs with conventional transition state theory to derive kineticparameters for gas phase reactions related to Si-H-X species. Lastly, westudy surface adsorptions related to SiC-CVD such as adsorptions of small CHand Si-H-X species, and in the case of C-H adsorption, the study was extendedto include subsequent surface reactions where stable surface productsmay be formed.
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| 8. |
- Sukkaew, Pitsiri, et al.
(författare)
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Ab Initio Study of Growth Mechanism of 4H-SiC: Adsorption and Surface Reaction of C2H2, C2H4, CH4, and CH3
- 2017
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 121:2, s. 1249-1256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Silicon carbide is a semiconductor material with ideal properties for high-temperature and high-power applications. The epitaxial layer fabrication Is usually performed using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) under a hydrogen rich atmosphere and high temperature. At such conditions the surface of the growing layer is expected to be passivatecl,by the abundantly present hydrogen. In this work, we use quantum chemical density functional theory (B3LYP and M06-2X) and transition state theory to study surface reactions related to the deposition of carbon on the (0001) surface of 4H-SiC. We show that it is unlikely for an adsorption to occur on a passivated, site unless the hydrogen termination is removed. We propose that unterminated sites can be effectively created during the CVD by an abstraction process. We provide details of the adsorption process of active carbon species, namely CH3, CH4, C2H2, and C2H4 gases, and their subsequent surface reactions such as desorption, abstraction of neighboring surface, hydrogens and dinner formation. The reaction rates and sticking coefficients are provided for the temperature range of 298-2500 K. Finally, entire reaction paths from adsorptions to stable surface products are presented and discussed.
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| 9. |
- Sukkaew, Pitsiri, et al.
(författare)
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Growth Mechanism of SiC Chemical Vapor Deposition: Adsorption and Surface Reactions of Active Si Species
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 122:1, s. 648-661
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Silicon carbide is a wide bandgap semiconductor ideally suitable for high temperature and high power applications. An active SiC layer is usually fabricated using halide-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD). In this work, we use quantum chemical density functional theory (B3LYP and M06-2X) and transition state theory to study adsorptions of active Si species in the CVD process on both the Si face and the C face of 4H-SiC. We show that adsorptions of SiCl, SiCl2, SiHCl, SiH, and SiH2 on the Si face likely occur on a methylene site, CH2(ads), but the processes are thermodynamically less favorable than their reverse or desorptions. Nevertheless, the adsorbed products become stabilized with the help of subsequent surface reactions to form a larger cluster. These cluster formation reactions happen with rates that are fast enough to compete with the desorption processes. On the C face, the adsorptions likely occur on a surface site terminated by a dangling bond, *(ads), and produce the products which are thermodynamically stable. Lastly, we present the Gibbs free energies of adsorptions of Si atoms, SiX, SiX2, and SiHX, for X being F and Br. Adsorptions of Si atoms are shown to be the most thermodynamically favorable among all the species in the study. Among the halide-containing species, the Gibbs free energies (ARG) from smallest to largest are observed in the adsorptions of SiX, SiHX, and SiX2, for X being the halides. The results in this study suggest that the major Si contributors in the SiC CVD process are Si atoms, SiX (for X being the halide) and SiH.
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| 10. |
- Sukkaew, Pitsiri, et al.
(författare)
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Thermochemical Properties of Halides and Halohydrides of Silicon and Carbon
- 2016
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Ingår i: ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology. - : ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC. - 2162-8769 .- 2162-8777. ; 5:2, s. P27-P35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atomization energies, enthalpies of formation, entropies as well as heat capacities of the SiHnXm and CHnXm systems, with X being F, Cl and Br, have been studied using quantum chemical calculations. The Gaussian-4 theory (G4) and Weizman-1 theory as modified by Barnes et al. 2009 (W1RO) have been applied in the calculations of the electronic, zero point and thermal energies. The effects of low-lying electronically excited states due to spin orbit coupling were included for all atoms and diatomic species by mean of the electronic partition functions derived from the experimental or computational energy splittings. The atomization energies, enthalpies of formation, entropies and heat capacities derived from both methods were observed to be reliable. The thermochemical properties in the temperature range of 298-2500 K are provided in the form of 7-coefficient NASA polynomials. (C) The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. All rights reserved.
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