| 1. |
- Benderix, Ylva, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Barn med neuropsykiatriskt funktionshinder
- 2009
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Ingår i: PEDIATRISK OMVÅRDNAD. - Stockholm : LIBER. - 9789147093274 ; , s. 309-315
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Danielsson Niemi, Liza, 1976-
(författare)
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Host ligands and oral bacterial adhesion : studies on phosphorylated polypeptides and gp-340 in saliva and milk
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Infectious diseases e.g. gastric ulcer, caries and perodontitis, are caused by bacteria in a biofilm. Adhesion of bacteria to host ligands e.g. proteins, polypeptides and glycoproteins, is a key event in biofilm formation and colonization of surfaces such as mucosa and tooth tissues. Thus, host ligands could contribute to the susceptibility to infectious diseases. The general aim of this doctoral thesis was to study the effect of phosphorylated polypeptides and gp-340 in saliva and milk on oral bacterial adhesion and aggregation. Statherin is a non-glycosylated, phosphorylated polypeptide in saliva. The polypeptide inhibits precipitation and crystal growth of calcium phosphate and mediates adhesion of microorganisms. By using a hybrid peptide construct, the domain for adhesion of Actinomyces isolated from human infections and from rodents was found to reside in the C-terminal end, and the adhesion was inhibitable. With alanine substitution the peptide recognition epitope in the C-terminal end was delineated to Q and TF, where QAATF was an optimal inhibitory peptide. In contrast, human commensal Actinomyces bound to the middle region in a non-inhibitable fashion. Gp-340 is another protein in saliva, and it is a large, multifunctional glycoprotein. Four novel size variants (I-IV) of salivary gp-340 were distinguished within individuals, and their glycoforms were characterized. All four size variants were identical in the N-terminal amino acid sequence and shared core carbohydrates. Low-glyco lung gp-340, high-glyco saliva gp-340, and size variants I-III aggregated bacteria differently. Human milk, which shares many traits with saliva, could inhibit adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (s-HA), a model for teeth, in an individually varying fashion. Human milk caseins, lactoferrin, secretory IgA, and IgG inhibited the binding avidly. By using synthetic peptides the inhibitory epitope in b-casein was mapped to a C-terminal stretch of 30 amino acids. Inhibition by human milk, secretory IgA and the b-casein-derived inhibitory peptide was universal among a panel of mutans streptococci. The main conclusions are: (i) statherin mediates differential binding of commensal versus infectious Actinomyces strains with small conformation-dependent binding epitopes, (ii) salivary gp-340 has individual polymorphisms that at least affect binding of bacteria, (iii) human milk inhibits S. mutans adhesion to s-HA in an individually varying fashion, and the C-terminal end of human milk β-casein is one inhibitory component. Together these results suggest that the studied host ligands can influence the composition of the oral biofilm. Statherin may protect the host from colonization of bacteria associated with infections. Gp-340 size variants may affect functions related to host innate immune defences such as interactions with a wide array of bacteria, and human milk may have a protective effect in infants from colonization of mutans streptococci.
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| 3. |
- Danielsson Norén, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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15-Lipoxygenase-2 expression in human macrophages induces chemokine secretion and T cell migration.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 199:1, s. 34-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: We determined previously that hypoxia results in increased 15-lipoxygenase type 2 (15-LOX-2) expression and CXCL8 secretion in macrophages. This study sought to determine whether 15-LOX-2 expression links directly with the secretion of inflammatory molecules in macrophages and also investigated its subsequent effects on T cell migration. METHODS: Adenovirus-mediated gene delivery caused overexpression of 15-LOX-2 in human macrophages. We used cytometric bead array to measure chemokine secretion, and assessed T cell migration by counting cells in chemotaxis chambers. Expression of chemokine receptors was determined by FACS analysis. Using siRNA, we reduced 15-LOX-2 expression in human macrophages. We used scrambled siRNA as control. RESULTS: Macrophages that overexpress 15-LOX-2 showed increased secretion of chemokine CXCL10 after 24h incubation. In addition, preconditioned medium from 15-LOX-2-overexpressing cells increased T cell migration and surface expression of CXCR3, the CXCL10 receptor. Knockdown of 15-LOX-2 expression decreased CXCL10 secretion from hypoxic macrophages and also reduced T cell migration. CONCLUSION: In macrophages, overexpression of 15-LOX-2 results in increased secretion of CXCL10 and CCL2. Products released in response to increased 15-LOX-2 activation lead to increased expression of CD69, the T cell activation marker as well as increased T cell migration. Therefore, increased expression of 15-LOX-2 induced by hypoxia may participate in T cell recruitment in diseases such as atherosclerosis.
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| 4. |
- Danielsson, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
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Att se hela barnet
- 2019
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Ingår i: Tjänstelogik i välfärden : En modell för samskapande mellan professionella med barnet i fokus - En modell för samskapande mellan professionella med barnet i fokus. - 9789144120577 ; 1:1, s. 15-32
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Danielsson, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
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Importance of age for 3-year continuous behavioral obesity treatment success and dropout rate.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Obesity Facts. - 1662-4025 .- 1662-4033. ; 5:1, s. 34-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AbstractObjective: To assess whether first year weight loss, age, and socioeconomic background correlate with the success rate of continuous long-term behavioral obesity treatment. Methods: In a 3-year longitudinal study, obese children (n = 684) were divided into three groups based on age at the start of treatment, age 6-9 years, 10-13 years, and 14-16 years. Results: The mean BMI standard deviation score (BMI-SDS) decline was age-dependent (p = 0.001), independently of adjustment for missing data: -1.8 BMI-SDS units in the youngest, -1.3 in the middle age group, and -0.5 in the oldest age group. SES and parental BMI status did not affect the results. 30% of the adolescents remained in treatment at year 3. There was only a weak correlation between BMI-SDS change after 1 and 3 years: r = 0.51 (p < 0.001). Among children with no BMI-SDS reduction during year 1 (n = 46), 40% had a clinically significantly reduced BMI-SDS after year 3. Conclusion: Behavioral treatment should be initiated at an early age to increase the chance for good results. Childhood obesity treatment should be continued for at least 3 years, regardless of the initial change in BMI-SDS. Copyright © 2012 S. Karger GmbH, Freiburg.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Danielsson, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
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Response of severely obese children and adolescents to behavioral treatment.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 1072-4710 .- 1538-3628. ; 166:12, s. 1103-1108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES:To investigate whether the degree of obesity predicts the efficacy of long-term behavioral treatment and to explore any interaction with age.DESIGN:A 3-year longitudinal observational study. Obese children were divided into 3 age groups (6-9, 10-13, and 14-16 years) and also into 2 groups (moderately obese, with a body mass index [BMI]-standard deviation [SD] score [or z score] of 1.6 to <3.5, and severely obese, with a BMI-SD score of ≥3.5).SETTING:National Childhood Obesity Center, Stockholm, Sweden.PARTICIPANTS:Children 6 to 16 years of age who started treatment between 1998 and 2006.INTERVENTION:Behavioral treatment of obesity.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:Change in BMI-SD score during 3 years of treatment; a reduction in BMI-SD score of 0.5 units or more was defined as clinically significant.RESULTS:A total of 643 children (49% female children) met the inclusion criteria. Among the youngest moderately obese children, 44% had a clinically significant reduction in BMI-SD score (mean reduction, -0.4 [95% CI, -0.55 to -0.32]). Treatment was less effective for the older moderately obese children. Twenty percent of children who were 10 to 13 years of age and 8% of children who were 14 to 16 years of age had a reduction in BMI-SD score of 0.5 units or more; 58% of the severely obese young children showed a clinically significant reduction in BMI-SD score (mean reduction, -0.7 [95% CI, -0.80 to -0.54]). The severely obese adolescents showed no change in mean BMI-SD score after 3 years, and 2% experienced clinically significant weight loss. Age was found to be a predictor of a reduction in BMI-SD score (odds ratio, 0.68 units per year [95% CI, 0.60-0.77 units per year]).CONCLUSIONS:Behavioral treatment was successful for severely obese children but had almost no effect on severely obese adolescents.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Danielsson, Pernilla
(författare)
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Severe childhood obesity : behavioural and pharmacological treatment
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Childhood obesity is a chronic disease associated with increased morbidity, psychosocial problems and reduced life expectancy, all of which is today very common. Despite this, long-term studies of behavioural treatment of childhood obesity are currently lacking. In addition, behavioural treatment has often only a modest effect and the number of children and adolescents who drop out during treatment is very high. Therefore, additional treatment with antiobesity drugs may be of importance. This thesis evaluates pharmacological and long-term behavioural treatment of severely obese patients in a hospital setting. It includes the first studies published evaluating the effect of three years of behavioural treatment, as well as one study in which the effect of the lipid intestinal uptake inhibitor orlistat is studied in prepubertal children. Finally, the effect of sibutramine, a drug that increases satiety, is studied in severely obese children with hypothalamic obesity and children with obesity in combination with aggravating syndromes. Aims: The primary aims for the behavioural treatment studies were to investigate whether age when treatment is initiated had an effect on treatment outcome and whether the degree of obesity predicts treatment efficacy. The secondary aims were to study whether gender, socio-economic factors, parental weight or age at obesity onset had any effect on outcome and, furthermore, to evaluate factors associated with risk for drop-out. In the pharmacological studies the aim was to study orlistat treatment of prepubertal children with regard to tolerance, safety and psychological well-being. The aim of the Sibutramine Study was to investigate whether the drug is effective for obese children who have other diseases that make behavioural treatment ineffective. Material and Methods: All children were treated from 1998 to 2007 at the National Childhood Obesity Centre, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge. Papers I and II include, in total, 643 patients, 6–16 years of age, with simple obesity treated with behavioural treatment therapy for three years. The children were divided into three age groups based on their age at the start of treatment, 6–9, 10–13 and 14–16. In Paper II the subjects were further assigned to two groups: moderate obesity, < 3.5 BMI SDS, or severe obesity, > 3.5 BMI SDS. In the Orlistat Study, Paper III, 11 severely obese prepubertal children (age 8.3–12.3 yrs), BMI SDS 5.3–9.2) were recruited for a 12-week open treatment. The children received the standard adult dose, i.e. 120 mg three to four times daily. Before, during and at the end of the study period the participants were investigated with psychological evaluation, blood chemistry and parameters reflecting obesity and fat mass. The Sibutramine Study was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross -over study. 50 children (7–20 years of age) with hypothalamic obesity or obesity with aggravating syndromes were randomised in diagnostic pairs. The initial sibutramine/placebo dose was 10 mg. The treatment period was 20 + 20 weeks, followed by a 6-month open phase. The primary efficacy variable was change in BMI SDS. Results: In the behavioural treatment studies, the decline in mean BMI SDS was most pronounced in the youngest age group (P = 0.001). Pronounced treatment effects were found in moderately and severely obese children in the younger age groups. No effect was observed in severely obese adolescents. Only a weak correlation was found between treatment effect during the first year and BMI SDS change from the start to the end of year three, r = 0.51 (P < 0.001). Only 30% in the oldest age group remained in treatment for three years. The participants were able to comply with the treatment with orlistat and expressed a desire to continue the treatment after the study period. The side effects were mild and tolerable. No negative effects on psychological or physical well-being were detected. In the Sibutramine Study there was a clinically and statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) between the active drug and placebo. The response of children with hypothalamic obesity (P = 0.005) was significant but less pronounced than that of children with non-hypothalamic obesity (P = 0.001). A continued reduction was observed during the open phase. The treatment was well tolerated by all children. Conclusions: Behavioural treatment is successful when initiated at 6–9 years of life in both moderately and severely obese children. Age was the only dependent factor for treatment success and predictor for drop-out. Adolescents with severe obesity need special attention. Obese prepubertal children who used orlistat were able to reduce their fat intake and it is possible that orlistat could be used in motivated prepubertal children. Sibutramine might be a suitable aid for children with hypothalamic obesity and aggravating syndromes if sibutramine was approved by EMEA for this age group.
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