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- McMann, Kelly, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing Data Quality: An Approach and An Application
- 2022
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Ingår i: Political Analysis. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1047-1987 .- 1476-4989. ; 30, s. 426-449
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Political scientists routinely face the challenge of assessing the quality (validity and reliability) of measures in order to use them in substantive research. While stand-alone assessment tools exist, researchers rarely combine them comprehensively. Further, while a large literature informs data producers, data consumers lack guidance on how to assess existing measures for use in substantive research. We delineate a three-component practical approach to data quality assessment that integrates complementary multimethod tools to assess: (1) content validity; (2) the validity and reliability of the data generation process; and (3) convergent validity. We apply our quality assessment approach to the corruption measures from the Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) project, both illustrating our rubric and unearthing several quality advantages and disadvantages of the V-Dem measures, compared to other existing measures of corruption.
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- Lopez-Pascual, Amaya, et al.
(författare)
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Oxygen in Metabolic Dysfunction and Its Therapeutic Relevance
- 2021
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Ingår i: Antioxidants and Redox Signaling. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1523-0864 .- 1557-7716. ; 35:8, s. 642-687
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Significance: In recent years, a number of studies have shown altered oxygen partial pressure at a tissue level in metabolic disorders, and some researchers have considered oxygen to be a (macro) nutrient. Oxygen availability may be compromised in obesity and several other metabolism-related pathological conditions, including sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome, the metabolic syndrome (which is a set of conditions), type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Recent Advances: Strategies designed to reduce adiposity and its accompanying disorders have been mainly centered on nutritional interventions and physical activity programs. However, novel therapies are needed since these approaches have not been sufficient to counteract the worldwide increasing rates of metabolic disorders. In this regard, intermittent hypoxia training and hyperoxia could be potential treatments through oxygen-related adaptations. Moreover, living at a high altitude may have a protective effect against the development of abnormal metabolic conditions. In addition, oxygen delivery systems may be of therapeutic value for supplying the tissue-specific oxygen requirements. Critical Issues: Precise in vivo methods to measure oxygenation are vital to disentangle some of the controversies related to this research area. Further, it is evident that there is a growing need for novel in vitro models to study the potential pathways involved in metabolic dysfunction to find appropriate therapeutic targets. Future Directions: Based on the existing evidence, it is suggested that oxygen availability has a key role in obesity and its related comorbidities. Oxygen should be considered in relation to potential therapeutic strategies in the treatment and prevention of metabolic disorders.
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- Lopez-Pastor, Mercedes, et al.
(författare)
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Containerless reaction monitoring in ionic liquids by means of Raman microspectroscopy
- 2007
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Ingår i: Lab on a Chip. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1473-0189. ; 7:1, s. 126-132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reaction monitoring by Raman microspectroscopy in levitated room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) droplets is reported. Due to their non-volatility, RTIL droplets are well-suited to act as wall-less microreactors. The droplets were produced by a piezoelectric flow-through microdispenser connected to an automated flow injection system and were levitated by an acoustic trap. Taking advantage of the flow system versatility, the sequence of reagents was easily changed to study a model organic reaction: the Knoevenagel condensation. The reaction was followed by Raman microspectrometry and the obtained spectra were analysed using multivariate curve resolution to retrieve the concentration profiles and pure spectra of reactants, intermediates and products involved in the reaction. In addition, information about solvation interactions was obtained by monitoring the desolvation process taking place when a volatile co-solvent evaporated from the droplet.
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