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| 2. |
- Barausse, Enrico, et al.
(författare)
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Prospects for fundamental physics with LISA
- 2020
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Ingår i: General Relativity and Gravitation. - : SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS. - 0001-7701 .- 1572-9532. ; 52:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper, which is of programmatic rather than quantitative nature, we aim to further delineate and sharpen the future potential of the LISA mission in the area of fundamental physics. Given the very broad range of topics that might be relevant to LISA,we present here a sample of what we view as particularly promising fundamental physics directions. We organize these directions through a "science-first" approach that allows us to classify how LISA data can inform theoretical physics in a variety of areas. For each of these theoretical physics classes, we identify the sources that are currently expected to provide the principal contribution to our knowledge, and the areas that need further development. The classification presented here should not be thought of as cast in stone, but rather as a fluid framework that is amenable to change with the flow of new insights in theoretical physics.
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| 3. |
- Boretzky, K., et al.
(författare)
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NeuLAND: The high-resolution neutron time-of-flight spectrometer for R 3 B at FAIR
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002. ; 1014
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- NeuLAND (New Large-Area Neutron Detector) is the next-generation neutron detector for the R3B (Reactions with Relativistic Radioactive Beams) experiment at FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research). NeuLAND detects neutrons with energies from 100 to 1000 MeV, featuring a high detection efficiency, a high spatial and time resolution, and a large multi-neutron reconstruction efficiency. This is achieved by a highly granular design of organic scintillators: 3000 individual submodules with a size of 5 × 5 × 250 cm3 are arranged in 30 double planes with 100 submodules each, providing an active area of 250 × 250 cm2 and a total depth of 3 m. The spatial resolution due to the granularity together with a time resolution of σt≤ 150 ps ensures high-resolution capabilities. In conjunction with calorimetric properties, a multi-neutron reconstruction efficiency of 50% to 70% for four-neutron events will be achieved, depending on both the emission scenario and the boundary conditions allowed for the reconstruction method. We present in this paper the final design of the detector as well as results from test measurements and simulations on which this design is based.
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| 4. |
- Syndikus, I., et al.
(författare)
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Probing the Z = 6 spin-orbit shell gap with (p,2p) quasi-free scattering reactions
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 809
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The evolution of the traditional nuclear magic numbers away from the valley of stability is an active field of research. Experimental efforts focus on providing key spectroscopic information that will shed light into the structure of exotic nuclei and understanding the driving mechanism behind the shell evolution. In this work, we investigate the Z=6 spin-orbit shell gap towards the neutron dripline. To do so, we employed NA(p,2p)CA−1 quasi-free scattering reactions to measure the proton component of the 21+ state of 16,18,20C. The experimental findings support the notion of a moderate reduction of the proton 1p1/2−1p3/2 spin-orbit splitting, at variance to recent claims for a prevalent Z=6 magic number towards the neutron dripline.
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| 5. |
- von Doetinchem, P., et al.
(författare)
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Cosmic-ray antinuclei as messengers of new physics : status and outlook for the new decade
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1475-7516. ; :8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The precise measurement of cosmic-ray antinuclei serves as an important means for identifying the nature of dark matter and other new astrophysical phenomena, and could be used with other cosmic-ray species to understand cosmic-ray production and propagation in the Galaxy. For instance, low-energy antideuterons would provide a "smoking gun" signature of dark matter annihilation or decay, essentially free of astrophysical background. Studies in recent years have emphasized that models for cosmic-ray antideuterons must be considered together with the abundant cosmic antiprotons and any potential observation of antihelium. Therefore, a second dedicated Antideuteron Workshop was organized at UCLA in March 2019, bringing together a community of theorists and experimentalists to review the status of current observations of cosmic-ray antinuclei, the theoretical work towards understanding these signatures, and the potential of upcoming measurements to illuminate ongoing controversies. This review aims to synthesize this recent work and present implications for the upcoming decade of antinuclei observations and searches. This includes discussion of a possible dark matter signature in the AMS-02 antiproton spectrum, the most recent limits from BESS Polar-II on the cosmic antideuteron flux, and reports of candidate antihelium events by AMS-02; recent collider and cosmic-ray measurements relevant for antinuclei production models; the state of cosmic-ray transport models in light of AMS-02 and Voyager data; and the prospects for upcoming experiments, such as GAPS. This provides a roadmap for progress on cosmic antinuclei signatures of dark matter in the coming years.
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| 6. |
- Erzurumluoglu, A. Mesut, et al.
(författare)
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Meta-analysis of up to 622,409 individuals identifies 40 novel smoking behaviour associated genetic loci
- 2020
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Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 25:10, s. 2392-2409
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Smoking is a major heritable and modifiable risk factor for many diseases, including cancer, common respiratory disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Fourteen genetic loci have previously been associated with smoking behaviour-related traits. We tested up to 235,116 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) on the exome-array for association with smoking initiation, cigarettes per day, pack-years, and smoking cessation in a fixed effects meta-analysis of up to 61 studies (up to 346,813 participants). In a subset of 112,811 participants, a further one million SNVs were also genotyped and tested for association with the four smoking behaviour traits. SNV-trait associations with P < 5 × 10-8 in either analysis were taken forward for replication in up to 275,596 independent participants from UK Biobank. Lastly, a meta-analysis of the discovery and replication studies was performed. Sixteen SNVs were associated with at least one of the smoking behaviour traits (P < 5 × 10-8) in the discovery samples. Ten novel SNVs, including rs12616219 near TMEM182, were followed-up and five of them (rs462779 in REV3L, rs12780116 in CNNM2, rs1190736 in GPR101, rs11539157 in PJA1, and rs12616219 near TMEM182) replicated at a Bonferroni significance threshold (P < 4.5 × 10-3) with consistent direction of effect. A further 35 SNVs were associated with smoking behaviour traits in the discovery plus replication meta-analysis (up to 622,409 participants) including a rare SNV, rs150493199, in CCDC141 and two low-frequency SNVs in CEP350 and HDGFRP2. Functional follow-up implied that decreased expression of REV3L may lower the probability of smoking initiation. The novel loci will facilitate understanding the genetic aetiology of smoking behaviour and may lead to the identification of potential drug targets for smoking prevention and/or cessation.
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| 7. |
- Gain, Animesh K., et al.
(författare)
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Overcoming challenges for implementing nature-based solutions in deltaic environments : insights from the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta in Bangladesh
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environmental Research Letters. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 1748-9326. ; 17:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Ganges-Brahmaputra (GB) delta is one of the most disaster-prone areas in the world due to a combination of high population density and exposure to tropical cyclones, floods, salinity intrusion and other hazards. Due to the complexity of natural deltaic processes and human influence on these processes, structural solutions like embankments are inadequate on their own for effective hazard mitigation. This article examines nature-based solutions (NbSs) as a complementary or alternative approach to managing hazards in the GB delta. We investigate the potential of NbS as a complementary and sustainable method for mitigating the impacts of coastal disaster risks, mainly cyclones and flooding. Using the emerging framework of NbS principles, we evaluate three existing approaches: tidal river management, mangrove afforestation, and oyster reef cultivation, all of which are actively being used to help reduce the impacts of coastal hazards. We also identify major challenges (socioeconomic, biophysical, governance and policy) that need to be overcome to allow broader application of the existing approaches by incorporating the NbS principles. In addition to addressing GB delta-specific challenges, our findings provide more widely applicable insights into the challenges of implementing NbS in deltaic environments globally.
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| 8. |
- Bhattacharyya, A., et al.
(författare)
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Neutron capture cross sections of light neutron-rich nuclei relevant for -process nucleosynthesis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. - 2469-9993 .- 2469-9985. ; 104:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The measurements of neutron capture cross sections of neutron-rich nuclei are challenging but essential for understanding nucleosynthesis and stellar evolution processes in the explosive burning scenario. In the quest of -process abundances, according to the neutrino-driven-wind model, light neutron-rich unstable nuclei may play a significant role as seed nuclei that influence the abundance pattern. Hence, experimental data for neutron capture cross sections of neutron-rich nuclei are needed. Coulomb dissociation of radioactive ion beams at intermediate energy is a powerful indirect method for inferring capture cross section. As a test case for validation of the indirect method, the neutron capture cross section (, ) for was inferred from the Coulomb dissociation of at intermediate energy ( MeV). A comparison between different theoretical approaches and experimental results for the reaction is discussed. We report for the first time experimental reaction cross sections of , , , and . The reaction cross sections were inferred indirectly through Coulomb dissociation of , , and at incident projectile energies around 400-430 MeV using the FRS-LAND setup at GSI, Darmstadt. The neutron capture cross sections were obtained from the photoabsorption cross sections with the aid of the detailed balance theorem. The reaction rates for the neutron-rich Na, Mg, Al nuclei at typical -process temperatures were obtained from the measured () capture cross sections. The measured neutron capture reaction rates of the neutron-rich nuclei, , , and are significantly lower than those predicted by the Hauser-Feshbach decay model. A similar trend was observed earlier for and but in the case of the trend is opposite. The situation is more complicated when the ground state has a multi-particle-hole configuration. For , the measured cross section is about higher than the Hauser-Feshbach prediction.
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| 9. |
- Das, P., et al.
(författare)
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Exotic decay of 115Cs
- 2023
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. - 2469-9985. ; 108:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The detailed study of the β+/EC decay of the very neutron-deficient and alpha-unbound nucleus 115Cs is presented. The measurement was performed at the ISOLDE, CERN where delayed charged particles and γ rays were detected. The observed delayed γ rays are in agreement with the previously reported characteristics γ rays of 115Xe. Based on the experimental observations, the tentative ground-state spin of 115Cs is suggested to be 7/2+ or 9/2+. Furthermore, the measured decay branching ratio of delayed protons exceeds the previously reported value. Additionally, new delayed α-branching ratio and several reconstructed proton and α-unbound excited states of 115Xe are being reported for the first time. The properties of proton-unbound states at excitation energies from 3.9–7.9 MeV have been obtained by fitting the delayed proton spectrum via the Bayesian method. The measured lifetimes of these proton-unbound states are in the order of zeptoseconds.
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| 10. |
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