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- Agardh, Carl-David, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of plasma insulin concentrations on tissue insulin levels in rodents: a study of the diabetic Chinese hamster and the ob/ob mouse
- 1986
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Ingår i: Metabolism, Clinical and Experimental. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-8600. ; 35:3, s. 244-249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Immunoreactive insulin was measured in acid-ethanol extracts of kidney, brain, liver, and heart from genetically diabetic Chinese hamsters and their nondiabetic controls and from obese (ob/ob) mice and their thin littermates. Selected samples were filtered on Sephadex G-50 columns and the insulin concentration determined. There was a good correlation between the insulin level measured in the acid-ethanol extracts of tissues and the insulin level after gel filtration, suggesting that the concentration measured in the whole extract is representative of the true insulin content. The present data demonstrate that different extrapancreatic organs contain characteristic amounts of insulin that are often (sometimes several-fold) higher than the insulin level of plasma. The tissue insulin concentrations also exhibit a wide range of values, with occasional high values. The data also show a direct correlation between plasma and kidney insulins but no relationship between plasma and brain insulins and a mixed correlation among plasma and liver and heart insulins.
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| 2. |
- Asp, N G, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary fibre in type II diabetes
- 1982
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Ingår i: Acta medica Scandinavica. Supplementum. - : Wiley. - 0365-463X .- 0001-6101. ; 210:S656, s. 47-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent studies have indicated that diets rich in digestible carbohydrates and dietary fibre might be beneficial in the regulation of type II non insulin dependent diabetes (NIDD). Addition of the gel forming type of dietary fibre such as pectin and guar gum to meals or glucose solutions reduces post-prandial glucose and insulin response. Addition of cereal fibres in the form of bran seems to have long term beneficial effect improving glucose tolerance. Little is known, however, concerning effects of dietary fibre naturally occurring in food on postprandial glucose and hormone response. In the present study we prepared two breakfast meals which were similar regarding digestible carbohydrates but differed in their dietary fibre content. One of the meals, including whole grain bread and whole apples, contained 8.4 g of dietary fibre, and the other one, containing white bread and apple juice, 3.1 g. When given to eight NIDD, the fibre rich breakfast gave significantly lower blood glucose increment during the three hours following ingestion. The results indicate that foods rich in dietary fibre might be useful in the regulation of type II diabetes.
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| 6. |
- Nilsson, B, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebrovascular response during and following severe insulin-induced hypoglycemia: CO2-sensitivity, autoregulation, and influence of prostaglandin synthesis inhibition
- 1981
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Ingår i: Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6772. ; 111:4, s. 455-463
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of the present experiments was to study mechanisms governing cerebrovascular responses during severe hypoglycemia, and in the posthypoglycemic recovery period. To that end, lightly anesthetized (70% N2O) and artificially ventilated rats were injected with insulin so as to abolish spontaneous EEG activity for 15 or 30 min ("coma"). In separate animals, recovery was induced by glucose administration. Previous experiments have shown that in normo- or moderately hypertensive animals hypoglycemic coma is accompanied by a relatively marked increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF), and that a delayed hypoperfusion develops in the recovery period. The present results demonstrate that oxygen supply is in excess of the demands during coma, and falls below control during recovery. During hypoglycemic coma, the CO2 response of the circulation was retained but autoregulation was lost. In the recovery period, both CO2 response and autoregulation were lost. Pretreatment with indomethacin was introduced in order to evaluate the possible influence of fatty acid cyclo-oxygenase products on the pattern of CBF changes. Measurements of local cerebral blood flow (1-CBF) showed that, in the majority of structures analysed, indomethacin failed to modulate the changes in CBF. It is concluded that alterations in cerebrovascular tone and loss of autoregulation induce flow changes that may influence substrate and oxygen availability during hypoglycemia. The pronounced decrease in CBF and the loss of autoregulation and CO2-response in the post-hypoglycemic period may influence functional, metabolic and morphological recovery. The 1-CBF findings indicate that neither the increase in CBF during hypoglycemia nor the reduction in flow in the posthypoglycemic period are mediated by mechanisms related to prostaglandin metabolism.
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| 7. |
- Quensel, M, et al.
(författare)
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High density lipoprotein concentrations after cessation of smoking: the importance of alterations in diet
- 1989
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 75:2-3, s. 189-193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cessation of smoking is followed by a rapid rise in plasma HDL concentrations. An earlier study has demonstrated a significant relationship between the increase in HDL concentrations and spontaneous changes in food intake, specifically an increased fat intake. In this investigation we have dissociated the effects of cessation of smoking as such from those of dietary alterations by monitoring plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations after cessation of smoking in 12 subjects whose diet was kept constant during an initial 2-week control period and during 2 weeks following cessation of smoking. Under these conditions plasma HDL-cholesterol levels did not increase significantly (1.01 +/- 0.26 mmol/l (mean +/- SD) before and 1.04 +/- 0.27 mmol/l after cessation of smoking). Similarly, no significant alterations were recorded for other plasma lipid or lipoprotein concentrations. Activities of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase were unchanged throughout the study. These results suggest that the marked rise in HDL concentrations after stopping smoking is largely related to spontaneous changes in dietary habits which occur upon cessation of smoking.
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| 8. |
- Quensel, M, et al.
(författare)
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Nicotine does not affect plasma lipoprotein concentrations in healthy men
- 1989
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7686 .- 0036-5513. ; 49:2, s. 149-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of nicotine administration (2 mg eight-times daily as nicotine chewing gum for two weeks) on plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations were studied in young healthy volunteers. Plasma levels of the nicotine metabolite, cotinine, reached levels comparable to those seen in smokers. Plasma concentrations of triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and apolipoproteins AI and B, were determined repeatedly before, during and after cessation of nicotine intake. All these variables, as well as the activities of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase in post-heparin plasma, remained unchanged throughout the study. The results strongly suggest that the effects of smoking on plasma lipoprotein metabolism are not mediated via nicotine, and indicate that nicotine chewing gum, when used therapeutically in anti-smoking programmes, does not carry the same metabolic side effects as smoking.
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