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- Pfaller, M.A., et al.
(författare)
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Twelve years of fluconazole in clinical practice : Global-trends in species distribution and fluconazole susceptibility of bloodstream isolates of Candida
- 2004
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Ingår i: Clinical Microbiology and Infection. - : Elsevier BV. - 1198-743X .- 1469-0691. ; 10:SUPPL. 1, s. 11-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We determined the species distribution and in-vitro susceptibility of 6082 bloodstream infection (BSI) isolates of Candida spp. collected from 250 medical centres in 32 nations over a 10-year period from 1992 through 2001. The species included 3401 C. albicans, 984 C. glabrata, 796 C. parapsilosis, 585 C. tropicalis, 153 C. krusei, 67 C. lusitaniae, 48 C. guilliermondii, 10 C. famata, 10 C. kefyr, six C. pelliculosa, five C. rugosa, four C. lipolytica, three C. dubliniensis, three C. inconspicua, two C. sake and one isolate each of C. lambica, C. norvegensis and C. zeylanoides. Minimum inhibitory concentration determinations were made using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards reference broth microdilution method. Variation in the rank order and frequency of the different species of Candida was observed over time and by geographic area. The proportion of BSI due to C. albicans and C. glabrata increased and C. parapsilosis decreased over time in Canada, the USA and Europe. C. glabrata was an infrequent cause of BSI in Latin America and the Asia-Pacific region. Very little variation in fluconazole susceptibility was observed among isolates of C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis. These species accounted for 78% of all BSI and remained highly susceptible (91-100% susceptible) to fluconazole from 1992 to 2001 irrespective of geographic origin. The prevalence of fluconazole resistance among C. glabrata isolates was variable both over time and among the various countries and regions. Resistance to fluconazole among C. glabrata isolates was greatest in the USA and varied by US census region (range 0-23%). These observations are generally encouraging relative to the sustained usefulness of fluconazole as a systemically active antifungal agent for the treatment of candida BSI. © 2004 Copyright by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.
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| 5. |
- Rose, Carsten, et al.
(författare)
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An open randomised trial of second-line endocrine therapy in advanced breast cancer: comparison of the aromatase inhibitors letrozole and anastrozole
- 2003
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - 1879-0852. ; 39:16, s. 2318-2327
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It was previously shown that letrozole (Femara(R)) was significantly more potent than anastrozole (Arimidex(R)) in inhibiting aromatase activity in vitro and in inhibiting total body aromatisation in patients with breast cancer. The objective of this study was to compare letrozole (2.5 mg per day) and anastrozole (1 mg per day) as endocrine therapy in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer previously treated with an anti-oestrogen. This randomised, multicentre and multinational open-label phase IIIb/IV study enrolled 713 patients. Treatment was for advanced breast cancer that had progressed either during anti-oestrogen therapy or within 12 months of completing that therapy. Patients had tumours that were either positive for oestrogen and/or progesterone receptors (48%) or of unknown receptor status (52%). The primary efficacy endpoint was time to progression (TTP). Secondary endpoints included objective response, duration of response, rate and duration of overall clinical benefit (responses and long-term stable disease), time to treatment failure, and overall survival, as well as general safety. There was no difference between the treatment arms in TTP; median times were the same for both treatments. Letrozole was significantly superior to anastrozole in the overall response rate (ORR) (19.1% versus 12.3%, P=0.013), including in predefined subgroups (receptor status-unknown, and soft-tissue- and viscera-dominant site of disease). There were no significant differences between the treatment arms in the rate of clinical benefit, median duration of response, duration of clinical benefit, time to treatment failure or overall survival. Both agents were well tolerated and there were no significant differences in safety. These results support previous data documenting the greater aromatase-inhibiting activity of letrozole and indicate that advanced breast cancer is more responsive to letrozole than to anastrozole as second-line endocrine therapy. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Bautista, M A, et al.
(författare)
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Excitation of Sr II lines in Eta Carinae
- 2002
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Ingår i: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1365-2966 .- 0035-8711. ; 331:4, s. 875-879
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the nature of the peculiar [Sr II] and Sr II emission filament found in the ejecta of Eta Carinae. To this purpose we carry out abinitio calculations of radiative transition probabilities and electron impact excitation rate coefficients for Sr II. Then we build a multilevel model for the system which is used to investigate the physical condition of the filament and the nature of the observed allowed and forbidden Sr II optical emission. It is found that the observed spectrum is consistent with the lines being pumped by the continuum radiation field in a mostly neutral region with electron density near 107cm-3 . Under these conditions, the observed emission can be explained without the need for a large Sr overabundance.
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| 8. |
- Dravins, Dainis, et al.
(författare)
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Quantum-Optical Signatures of Stimulated Emission
- 2001
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Ingår i: Eta Carinae and Other Mysterious Stars: The Hidden Opportunities of Emission Spectroscopy, ASP Conference Proceedings. San Francisco. ; 242, s. 339-339
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Gull, T. R., et al.
(författare)
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The Strontium Filament within the Homunculus of Eta Carinae
- 2001
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Ingår i: Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. ; 33:4, s. 1505-1505
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- During a series of HST/STIS observations of Eta Carinae and associatedejecta, we noticed a peculiar emission filament located a few arcsecondsnorth of the central source. While bright in nebular standards, it issubmerged in a sea of scattered starlight until moderately highdispersion, long-slit spectroscopy with the STIS (R 8000) brings theemission lines out. The initial spectrum, centered on 6768A with theSTIS G750M grating, led to identification of twenty lines fromsingly-ionized species including [Sr II], [Fe II], [Ti II], [Ni II], [MnII], and [Co II] (Zethson, etal., 2001, AJ 122, 322). No Balmer emissionis detected from this filament and the Fe II 2507,9 lines, known to bepumped by Lyman alpha radiation in other regions near the centralsource, are not detected. Followup observations have led to detection ofhundreds more emission lines from iron group elements in neutral andsingly-ionized states. Thus far all are excited by less than 10 eV. Thispeculiar nebular emission is thought to be due to very intense stellarradiation, stripped of uv flux shortward of Lyman alpha, bathing aneutral structure. We are systematically identifying the many lines(over 90% identified) and measuring line intensities that will then bemodeled to determine excitation mechanisms, temperature and density. Two[Sr II] and two Sr II lines have now been measured. Bautista, etal. (inpreparation) have modeled the strontium flux ratios and find that largeradiation fluxes and/or high strontium abundances may account for thedetected emission. These observations were supported by STIS GTO fundingand GO funding through the STScI.
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