| 1. |
- Jung, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of very old patients admitted to intensive care unit after acute versus elective surgery or intervention
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of critical care. - : W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC. - 0883-9441 .- 1557-8615. ; 52, s. 141-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We aimed to evaluate differences in outcome between patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) after elective versus acute surgery in a multinational cohort of very old patients (80 years; VIP). Predictors of mortality, with special emphasis on frailty, were assessed.Methods: In total, 5063 VIPs were induded in this analysis, 922 were admitted after elective surgery or intervention, 4141 acutely, with 402 after acute surgery. Differences were calculated using Mann-Whitney-U test and Wilcoxon test. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess associations with mortality.Results: Compared patients admitted after acute surgery, patients admitted after elective surgery suffered less often from frailty as defined as CFS (28% vs 46%; p < 0.001), evidenced lower SOFA scores (4 +/- 5 vs 7 +/- 7; p < 0.001). Presence of frailty (CFS >4) was associated with significantly increased mortality both in elective surgery patients (7% vs 12%; p = 0.01), in acute surgery (7% vs 12%; p = 0.02).Conclusions: VIPs admitted to ICU after elective surgery evidenced favorable outcome over patients after acute surgery even after correction for relevant confounders. Frailty might be used to guide clinicians in risk stratification in both patients admitted after elective and acute surgery.
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| 2. |
- De Geer, Lina
(författare)
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Cardiac dysfunction in septic shock : Observational studies on characteristics and outcome
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Cardiac dysfunction is a well-known complication of sepsis, but its characteristics and consequences, especially on a longer term, remain unclear. The aim of this thesis was to study the characteristics and the implications of cardiac dysfunction for outcome in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with septic shock.Purpose: First, to assess the ability of a cardiac biomarker to predict outcome in ICU patients. Second, to characterise cardiac dysfunction in septic shock using speckle tracking echocardiography. Third, to investigate the reliability of echocardiographic methods used to describe cardiac dysfunction in septic shock. Fourth, to study long-term cardiac outcome in severe sepsis and septic shock patients.Materials and methods: The cardiac biomarker amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) was collected in 481 patients on ICU admission and its ability to predict death was assessed. In 50 patients with septic shock, echocardiography was performed on ICU admission and was repeated during and after ICU stay. Measurements of cardiac strain using speckle tracking echocardiography were assessed in relation to other echocardiographic function parameters, NT-proBNP and severity of illness scores, and their change over time was analysed. Echocardiograms from patients with septic shock were independently evaluated by two physicians and the results analysed regarding measurement variability. A nationwide-registry-based open cohort of 9,520 severe sepsis and septic shock ICU patients discharged alive from the ICU was analysed together with a non-septic control group matched for age, sex and severity of illness. In patients who died after ICU discharge, information on causes of death was collected.Results: A discriminatory level of significance of NT-proBNP on ICU admission was identified at ≥1,380 ng/L, above which NT-proBNP was an independent predictor of death. With increasing levels of NT-proBNP, patients were more severely ill, had a longer ICU stay and were more often admitted with septic shock. Cardiac strain was frequently impaired in septic shock patients but was not superior to other echocardiographic measurements in detecting cardiac dysfunction. Cardiac strain correlated with other echocardiographic function parameters and with NT-proBNP, and was the least user-dependent echocardiographic parameter in septic shock patients. Cardiac strain remained unchanged over time, did not differ between survivors and non-survivors and could not predict an increased risk of death. During a follow-up of up to nearly 6 years after ICU discharge, 3,954 (42%) of sepsis patients died, 654 (17%) with cardiac failure as the cause of death. With increasing severity of illness on admission, the risk of death with cardiac failure as the cause of death after ICU discharge increased. In comparison to other ICU patients with similar severity of illness, however, the risk of death due to cardiac was not increased in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock.Conclusions: Laboratory or echocardiographic signs of cardiac dysfunction are commonly seen in ICU patients in general and in septic shock patients in particular. The assessment of cardiac dysfunction in patients with septic shock is, however, complicated by pre-existing comorbidities, by treatment given in the ICU and by critical illness in itself. Signs of cardiac dysfunction, and the increasing risk of death related to cardiac failure seen after remission of sepsis, may therefore be reflections of critical illness per se, rather than of sepsis.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- De Geer, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiac mortality after severe sepsis and septic shock : A nationwide observational cohort study
- 2015
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: Cardiac dysfunction is a well-known complication of sepsis, but its long-term consequences remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate cardiac outcome after sepsis by assessing causes of death in a nationwide register-based cohort.Methods: A cohort of 9,520 severe sepsis and septic shock intensive care (ICU) patients without preceding severe cardiac failure and discharged alive from the ICU was collected from the Swedish Intensive Care Registry (SIR) from 2008 to 2013, together with a nonseptic control group (n = 4,577). Patients were matched according to age, sex and severity of illness. Information on cause of death after ICU discharge was sought in the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare’s Cause of Death Registry.Results: After ICU discharge, 3,954 (42%) of severe sepsis or septic shock patients died. In 654 (16%) of these, cardiac failure was registered as the cause of death. The follow-up time was 17,693 person-years (median 583 days/person; maximum 5.7 years) and the median (IQR) time from ICU discharge to cardiac failure-related death 81 (17 - 379) days. With increasing severity of illness (quartiles of SAPS3), the hazard rate for cardiac failure-related death increased (hazard ratio (HR) 1.58 (95% CI 1.19 - 2.09, p <0.001) in the highest quartile compared to the lowest). In a matched comparison between severe sepsis or septic shock patients and controls, survival was similar, and the hazard rate for cardiac failurerelated death did not differ between groups (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.88 – 1.10, p = 0.62).Conclusions: The risk of death with cardiac failure as the cause of death after severe sepsis or septic shock increases with severity of illness on admission. Patients with severe sepsis or septic shock are not, however, at an increased risk of death with cardiac failure as the cause of death when compared to other ICU patients with similar severity of illness.
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| 5. |
- de Geer, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Lung ultrasound in quantifying lung water in septic shock patients
- 2015
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Ingår i: Critical Care. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1364-8535 .- 1466-609X. ; 19:1, s. 140-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quantification of lung ultrasound (LUS) artifacts (B-lines) is used to assess pulmonary congestion in emergency medicine and cardiology [1,2]. We investigated B-lines in relation to extravascular lung-water index (EVLWI) from invasive transpulmonary thermodilution in septic shock patients. Our aim was to evaluate the role of LUS in an intensive care setting.
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| 6. |
- de Geer, Lina, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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No association with cardiac death after sepsis : A nationwide observational cohort study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 63:3, s. 344-351
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Cardiac dysfunction is a well-known complication of sepsis, but its long-term consequences and implications for patients remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate cardiac outcome in sepsis by assessing causes of death up to 2 years after treatment in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in a nationwide register-based cohort collected from the Swedish Intensive Care Registry.METHODS: A cohort of 13 669 sepsis and septic shock ICU patients from 2008 to 2014 was collected together with a non-septic control group, matched regarding age, sex and severity of illness (n = 6582), and all without preceding severe cardiac disease. For a large proportion of the severe sepsis and septic shock patients (n = 7087), no matches were found. Information on causes of death up to 2 years after ICU admission was sought in the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare's Cause of Death Registry.RESULTS: Intensive Care Unit mortality was nearly identical in a matched comparison of sepsis patients to controls (24% in both groups) but higher in more severely ill sepsis patients for whom no matches were found (33% vs 24%, P < 0.001). There was no association of sepsis to cardiac deaths in the first month (OR 1.03, 95%CI 0.87 to 1.20, P = 0.76) nor up to 2 years after ICU admission (OR 1.01, 95%CI 0.82 to 1.25, P = 0.94) in an adjusted between-group comparison.CONCLUSIONS: There was no association with an increased risk of death related to cardiac disease in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock when compared to other ICU patients with similar severity of illness.
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| 7. |
- de Geer, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Strain echocardiography in septic shock - a comparison with systolic and diastolic function parameters, cardiac biomarkers and outcome
- 2015
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Ingår i: Critical Care. - : BioMed Central. - 1364-8535 .- 1466-609X. ; 19:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Myocardial dysfunction is a well-known complication in septic shock but its characteristics and frequency remains elusive. Here, we evaluate global longitudinal peak strain (GLPS) of the left ventricle as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in septic shock.METHODS: Fifty adult patients with septic shock admitted to a general intensive care unit were included. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed on the first day, and repeated during and after ICU stay. Laboratory and clinical data and data on outcome were collected daily from admission and up to 7 days, shorter in cases of death or ICU discharge. The correlation of GLPS to left ventricular systolic and diastolic function parameters, cardiac biomarkers and clinical data were compared using Spearman's correlation test and linear regression analysis, and the ability of GLPS to predict outcome was evaluated using a logistic regression model.RESULTS: On the day of admission, there was a strong correlation and co-linearity of GLPS to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), mitral annular motion velocity (é) and to amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) (Spearman's ρ -0.70, -0.53 and 0.54, and R(2) 0.49, 0.20 and 0.24, respectively). In LVEF and NT-proBNP there was a significant improvement during the study period (analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures, p = 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively), but not in GLPS, which remained unchanged over time (p = 0.10). GLPS did not correlate to the improvement in clinical characteristics over time, did not differ significantly between survivors and non-survivors (-17.4 (-20.5-(-13.7)) vs. -14.7 (-19.0 - (-10.6)), p = 0.11), and could not predict mortality.CONCLUSIONS: GLPS is frequently reduced in septic shock patients, alone or in combination with reduced LVEF and/or é. It correlates with LVEF, é and NT-proBNP, and remains affected over time. GLPS may provide further understanding on the character of myocardial dysfunction in septic shock.
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| 8. |
- de Geer, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Variability in echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular function in septic shock patients
- 2015
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Ingår i: Cardiovascular Ultrasound. - : BioMed Central. - 1476-7120. ; 13:1, s. 19-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Echocardiography is increasingly used for haemodynamic evaluation and titration of therapy in intensive care, warranting reliable and reproducible measurements. The aim of this study was to evaluate the observer dependence of echocardiographic findings of left ventricular (LV) diastolic and systolic dysfunction in patients with septic shock.METHODS: Echocardiograms performed in 47 adult patients admitted with septic shock to a general intensive care unit (ICU) were independently evaluated by one cardiologist and one intensivist for the following signs: decreased diastolic tissue velocity of the base of the LV septum (e), increased early mitral inflow (E) to e ratio (E/e), decreased LV ejection fraction (EF) and decreased LV global longitudinal peak strain (GLPS). Diastolic dysfunction was defined as e <8.0cm/s and/or E/e [greater than or equal to]15 and systolic dysfunction as EF <50% and/or GLPS>15%. Ten randomly selected examinations were re-analysed two months later. Pearson’s r was used to test the correlation and Bland-Altman plots to assess the agreement between observers. Kappa statistics were used to test the consistency between readers and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for inter- and intraobserver variability.RESULTS: In 44 patients (94%), image quality was sufficient for echocardiographic measurements. The agreement between observers was moderate (k=0.60 for e, k=0.50 for E/e and k=0.60 for EF) to good (k=0.71 for GLPS). Pearson’s r was 0.76 for e, 0.85 for E/e, 0.78 for EF and 0.84 for GLPS (p<0.001 for all four). The ICC between observers for e was very good (0.85; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.73-0.92), good for E/e (0.70; 95% CI 0.45 - 0.84), very good for EF (0.87; 95% CI 0.77 - 0.93), excellent for GLPS (0.91; 95% CI 0.74 - 0.95), and very good for all measures repeated by one of the observers. On Bland-Altman analysis, the mean differences and 95% limits of agreement for e, E/e, EF and GLPS were 0.01 (0.04 - 0.07), 2.0 (14.2 - 18.1), 0.86 (16 - 14.3) and 0.04 (5.04 - 5.12), respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Moderate observer-related differences in assessing LV dysfunction were seen. GLPS is the least user dependent and most reproducible echocardiographic measurement of LV function in septic shock.
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| 9. |
- Kareliusson, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Risk prediction of ICU readmission in a mixed surgical and medical population
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Intensive Care. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 2052-0492. ; 3:30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundReadmission to intensive care units (ICU) is accompanied with longer ICU stay as well as higher ICU, in-hospital and 30-day mortality. Different scoring systems have been used in order to predict and reduce readmission rates.MethodsThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the Stability and Workload Index for Transfer (SWIFT) score as a predictor of readmission. Further, we wanted to study steps and measures taken at the ward prior to readmission.ResultsThis was a retrospective study conducted at the mixed surgical and medical ICU at Linköping University Hospital. One thousand sixty-seven patients >18 years were admitted to the ICU during 2 years and were included in the study. During the study period, 27 patients were readmitted to the ICU. Readmitted patients had a higher SWIFT score than the non-readmitted (16.1 ± 6.8 vs. 13.0 ± 7.5, p = 0.03) at discharge. The total ICU length of stay was longer (7.5 ± 7.5 vs. 2.9 ± 5.1, p = 0.004), and the 30-day mortality was higher (26 vs. 7 %, p < 0.001) for readmitted patients. Fifty-six percent of readmitted patients were assessed by the critical care outreach service (CCOS) at the ward prior to ICU readmission. A SWIFT score of 15 or more was associated with a significantly higher readmission rate (p = 0.03) as well as 30-day mortality (p < 0.001) compared to a score of ≤14.ConclusionsA SWIFT score of 15 or more is associated with higher readmission rate and 30-day mortality. The SWIFT score could therefore be used for risk prediction for readmission and mortality at ICU discharge.
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