| 1. |
- Fox, Liana, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in Deep Poverty from 1968 to 2011 : The Influence of Family Structure, Employment Patterns, and the Safety Net
- 2015
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Ingår i: RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences. - 2377-8253 .- 2377-8261. ; 1:1, s. 14-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the changing face of deep poverty in the United States over the past fifty years and the role of family structure, employment patterns, and governmental taxes and transfers in explaining these trends. Using a newly developed historical measure of poverty based on the Census Bureau's supplemental poverty measure, we find that deep poverty rates have been fairly constant over the past fifty years, both overall and for families with children. In view of changes in family structure and government policy over this period, the intransigence of deep poverty is surprising. However, this overall stability obscures changes in the demographics of individuals and families in deep poverty, as well as the role of government policy. Governmental transfers reduce the risk of deep poverty for all subgroups examined, but the significance and the role of these programs have changed over time.
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| 2. |
- Holmén, Magnus, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Female entrepreneurship in Afghanistan
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship. - 1084-9467. ; 16:3, s. 307-331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper analyzes the motivations of eight female Afghan entrepreneurs to start up their own business and the problems they encountered during start-up and operations. Income generation was the most important push factor but pull factors including desire for independence and autonomy were also important. However, in contrast to studies in other countries, the desire for achievement was not emphasized. An unexpected finding was the emphasis on the desire to help non-family members by running a business. The main problems included financial problems during start-up and operations, lack of contacts and security during operations. Gender-specific problems included limited market, mobility constraints and negative attitudes and lack of social acceptance for female entrepreneurs. The paper concludes with a discussion of the findings. © 2011 World Scientific Publishing Company.
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| 3. |
- Holmén, M, et al.
(författare)
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Innovative Opportunities and Dependencies : Illustrations from Mobile Communications
- 2006
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Ingår i: <em>Flexibility and Stability in Economic Transformation</em>. - : Oxford University Press.
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter examines the role played by innovative opportunities in driving economic transformation through dependencies between actors. It explores the extent of experimentation and inertia when actors identify, act upon, and realize innovative opportunities. Innovative opportunities are used to capture dependencies between key processes in innovation, as well as understand the systemic effects present in complex innovation activities characterized by uncertainty. The dependencies are illustrated by case studies of the early stages of development of technology and business platforms in the telecom industry. Empirical observations demonstrate dependencies between different actors which result in ‘systemic’ effects. These take the form of dependencies across different types of opportunities (technological, entrepreneurial, and productive ones), as well as dependencies across different elements of these processes (value perception, resource mobilization, and value appropriation). Such interdependencies are the force helping to drive flexibility and stability in economic transformations.
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| 4. |
- Holmén, Martin, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Inside shareholders’ effective tax rates and dividends
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Banking & Finance. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-4266 .- 1872-6372. ; 32:9, s. 1860-1869
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using information collected from the Swedish tax authorities, we calculate insiders’ actual effective tax rates on dividends. With this unique dataset, we find a significant negative cross-sectional relationship between insiders’ effective tax rates and dividend payout. This result is consistent with a tax-induced clientele effect for dividends. We also look at the impact of large block trades on dividends. We find that when insiders with zero effective taxes sell blocks, subsequent dividend payments are significantly more likely to decrease. This provides evidence that large shareholders are adjusting dividends for their individual tax situations.
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| 5. |
- Beckman, Svante, 1945-
(författare)
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Professionerna och kampen om auktoritet
- 1989
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Ingår i: Kampen om yrkesutövning, status och kunskap. Professionaliseringens sociala grund.. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9144297815 ; , s. 57-88
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Conradsson, D, et al.
(författare)
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The Effects of Highly Challenging Balance Training in Elderly With Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2015
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Ingår i: Neurorehabilitation and neural repair. - : SAGE Publications. - 1552-6844 .- 1545-9683. ; 29:9, s. 827-836
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Highly challenging exercises have been suggested to induce neuroplasticity in individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD); however, its effect on clinical outcomes remains largely unknown. Objective. To evaluate the short-term effects of the HiBalance program, a highly challenging balance-training regimen that incorporates both dual-tasking and PD-specific balance components, compared with usual care in elderly with mild to moderate PD. Methods. Participants with PD (n = 100) were randomized, either to the 10-week HiBalance program (n = 51) or to the control group (n = 49). Participants were evaluated before and after the intervention. The main outcomes were balance performance (Mini-BESTest), gait velocity (during normal and dual-task gait), and concerns about falling (Falls Efficacy Scale–International). Performance of a cognitive task while walking, physical activity level (average steps per day), and activities of daily living were secondary outcomes. Results. A total of 91 participants completed the study. After the intervention, the between group comparison showed significantly improved balance and gait performance in the training group. Moreover, although no significant between group difference was observed regarding gait performance during dual-tasking; the participants in the training group improved their performance of the cognitive task while walking, as compared with the control group. Regarding physical activity levels and activities of daily living, in comparison to the control group, favorable results were found for the training group. No group differences were found for concerns about falling. Conclusions. The HiBalance program significantly benefited balance and gait abilities when compared with usual care and showed promising transfer effects to everyday living. Long-term follow-up assessments will further explore these effects.
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| 7. |
- Haley, Aimee, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Social Space as a Conceptual Tool in Educational Research
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Conference of Educational Researchers (ECER), Budapest, Hungary, 7-11 September.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- When the concept “space” is mentioned, initial thoughts often gravitate towards physical, geographical space or even “outer space.” However, there is another kind of space - social space - the definition of which can be contested from different ideological starting points. Social space is part of a broader spatial turn in educational research, as evidenced by the programs of educational research association conferences such as the American Educational Research Association and by special issues of educational journals that have focused on critical geography in relation to education (Middleton, 2014). This paper examines “social space” in international educational research through discourse analysis. The primary questions this paper seeks to answer are as follows: How has the concept “social space” been used in educational research? What patterns and divergences can be found in the use of “social space” within different sub-fields of educational research and in different methodological approaches? How can “social space” as a conceptual tool contribute to future educational research? Social space was first introduced as a concept by Emile Durkheim in the 1890s (Buttimer, 1969). From the concept’s beginning with Durkheim it has been modified in a number of ways by different theorists. Theorists who have contributed much to the development of the concept of social space include Bourdieu, Foucault, Lefebvre, and British realists such as Andrew Sayer, each of whom have taken a different position towards social space – structuralist, genealogical, Marxist, and realist respectively (Shields, 1991). These philosophical starting points form the guiding framework for this discourse analysis. The objective of this literature review is to identify and understand how existing educational research has used the social space concept. The study is performed as a discourse analysis, where we are interested in how the authors position themselves towards the concept of “social space”. The intent is to identify the different theoretical starting points from which the social space concept has been used within the literature, by looking at the context of the concept. We also identify how these theoretical starting points correspond with different educational research fields and methodological approaches. Convergent and divergent patterns are thus identified. Finally, we aim to identify areas where use of the social space concept could contribute to advancing educational research. In order to identify relevant and current peer reviewed literature for this review, the key-word “social space” was entered into educational peer reviewed databases accessible through the University of Gothenburg. The review targets the most recent texts (from 2005 to present) and attempted to gain a spread of different types of peer-reviewed educational literature. Our database search generated articles from both compulsory and higher levels of education, including articles addressing both systemic and classroom / teaching issues. The abstracts of the resulting texts were then further reviewed for relevance to the research question and objectives. Through examining the positions educational researchers take in their use of the concept “social space” we were able to gain insight on how the concept is used in different fields of educational research and its relationship to methodological choices. We expect the use of “social space” to vary across fields of educational research since researchers are situated within diverse contexts such as the institutional, national, and ideological. We also expect a greater number of qualitative based studies to incorporate social space since the quantitative approach to space has typically referred to ideas on geometrical space where relationships and actions take place and discounting contextual factors (Hubbard, Kitchin, & Valentine, 2004). Rather than provide a comprehensive overview of educational research that applies the social space concept, this paper describes how some modern-day educational researchers have employed the concept and identifies how the concept could be further incorporated into educational research. Furthermore, this paper contributes to developing knowledge on the integration of spatial theory in educational research, which has typically been under-examined in educational studies, development, and critique (Gulson & Symes, 2007).
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| 8. |
- Halfvarson, Jonas, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Age determines the risk of familial inflammatory bowel disease : A nationwide study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aims: To estimate familial aggregation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), we performed a nationwide, case-control study and examined the odds for patients with IBD (vs controls) to have a first-degree relative (FDR) with IBD, by age of diagnosis, type of family history and IBD subtype. To assess the incidence of future IBD in relatives of incident IBD patients, we performed a cohort study.Methods: Individuals diagnosed with IBD (N = 50,667) between 2003 and 2017 with at least one FDR were identified from Swedish national registers and compared to general population controls (N = 506,720) with at least one FDR. We used logistic regression to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs).Results: Compared to controls, IBD cases more often had a mother (3.0% vs 0.9%, OR = 3.5; 95% CI: 3.3-3.7), father (2.9% vs 0.8%, OR = 3.5; 95% CI: 3.3-3.7), full sibling (5.3% vs 1.5%, OR = 3.6; 95% CI: 3.4-3.8) and child (2.4% vs 0.9%, OR = 2.6; 95% CI: 2.4-2.8) with IBD. The strength of association increased with the number of affected FDRs and was modified by subtype of IBD and age of diagnosis. Highest ORs were observed for paediatric IBD among paediatric-onset Crohn's disease (OR = 10.6; 95% CI: 8.2-13.5) and paediatric-onset ulcerative colitis (OR = 8.4; 95% CI: 6.4-10.9) cases. The 10-year cumulative incidence of IBD was 1.7% in full-siblings of incident IBD patients vs 0.4% among full-siblings of reference individuals.Conclusion: The variations in the strength of familial IBD and future risk of IBD in FDRs support differences in genetic predisposition and call for targeted approaches in potential screening programmes.
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| 9. |
- Halfvarson, Jonas, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies in twins with inflammatory bowel disease
- 2005
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Ingår i: Gut. - : BMJ. - 0017-5749 .- 1468-3288. ; 54:9, s. 1237-1243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: An increased occurrence of anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) is reported in unaffected members of families with Crohn's disease. Whether ASCA is a familial trait due to genetic factors or is caused by exposure to environmental factors is unknown. To assess the genetic influence of ASCA we studied its occurrence in a twin population.PATIENTS AND METHODS: ASCA were analysed in 98 twin pairs with inflammatory bowel disease and were related to clinical phenotype and CARD15/NOD2 genotype.RESULTS: ASCA were more common in Crohn's disease than in ulcerative colitis (40/70 (57%) twins v 5/43 (12%) twins). Associations with ileal Crohn's disease, stricturing/penetrating behaviour, and young age, but not CARD15/NOD2 were confirmed. ASCA were found in 1/20 (5%) healthy siblings in discordant monozygotic pairs with Crohn's disease compared with 7/27 (26%) in discordant dizygotic pairs. Using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), no agreement in ASCA titres was observed in discordant twin pairs with Crohn's disease, in monozygotic (ICC = -0.02) or dizygotic (ICC = -0.26) pairs. In contrast, strong agreement was seen within concordant monozygotic twin pairs with Crohn's disease (ICC = 0.76).CONCLUSIONS: These findings question the concept of ASCA as a marker of genetic susceptibility for Crohn's disease. The agreement in ASCA titres within concordant monozygotic twin pairs with Crohn's disease, suggests that the level of increase is genetically determined. We propose that ASCA are a marker of a response to an environmental antigen and that a specific gene(s) other than CARD15/NOD2 determines the level of response and perhaps also specific phenotypic characteristics.
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| 10. |
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