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- Rajan-Sithamparanadarajah, R, et al.
(författare)
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Patterns of dermal exposure to hazardous substances in European union workplaces.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Annals of Occupational Hygiene. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0003-4878 .- 1475-3162. ; 48:3, s. 285-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Workplace dermal exposure assessment is a complex task that aims to understand the dynamic interaction between the skin and the hazardous substances present in the surrounding environment. A European project known as RISKOFDERM gathered dermal exposure data in 85 workplaces (industrial and other types) in five countries in Europe. In order to optimize data collection and to develop a representative picture of dermal exposure, scenarios (tasks made up of a series of activities) were grouped together into dermal exposure operation units (DEOs). The allocation of scenarios to relevant DEOs was achieved on the basis of similarities of exposure routes, tasks and professional judgement. Sampling and quantification procedures were based on the approaches recommended by the OECD protocol. The laboratories involved in the analysis of the samples participated in quality assurance programmes. This exercise resulted in 419 body measurements and 437 measurements on hands expressed in terms of formulation (product) in use. Exposures for a given scenario varied by several orders of magnitude. The extent and patterns of exposure were found to be dependent on various exposure determinants, including inter- and intra-scenario variations. Hands were found to be the most contaminated parts of the body. Exposure patterns for liquid and solid contaminants were different. On the basis of the analysis of the data presented here, the averaged results (median and 95th percentile) for a given DEO unit should not be used as a representative measure of dermal exposure for all scenarios within that DEO without taking the exposure determinants into account. However, the data could be used to develop an exposure matrix (indicative exposure distributions) for different types of scenario and workplace, using determinants of exposure and a Bayesian approach to integrating expert opinion.
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- Ceballos, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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c-Myc antagonizes the effect of p53 on apoptosis and p21WAF1 transactivation in K562 leukemia cells
- 2000
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Ingår i: Oncogene. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0950-9232 .- 1476-5594. ; 19, s. 2194-2204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- c-myc protooncogene positively regulates cell proliferation and overexpression of c-myc is found in many solid tumors and leukemias. In the present study we used the K562 human myeloid leukemia cell line as a model to study the functional interaction between c-Myc and p53. Using two different methods, we generated K562 transfectant cell lines with conditional expression of either c-Myc or p53. The cells expressed the p53Vall35 mutant, which adopts a wild-type conformation at 32 degrees C, while c-Myc induction was achieved with a zinc-inducible expression vector. We found that p53 in wild-type conformation induces growth arrest and apoptosis of K562. Expression of c-Myc significantly attenuated apoptosis and impaired the transcriptional activity of p53 on p21WAF1, Bax and cytomegalovirus promoters. The impairment of p21WAF1 transactivation by c-Myc was confirmed by transfection of a c-Myc-estrogen receptor fusion protein and by induction of c-myc by zinc in transfected cells. Also, p53-mediated up-regulation of p21WAF1 mRNA protein were significantly reduced by c-Myc, while Bax levels were unaffected. Consistently, c-Myc increased cyclin-dependent kinase 2 activity in K562 cells expressing p53 in wild-type conformation. These results suggest that c-Myc overexpression may antagonize the pro-apoptotic function of p53, thus providing a molecular mechanism for the frequently observed deregulation of c-myc in human cancer.
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- Sankar, M, et al.
(författare)
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Isolation and characterization of solventogenic, cellulase-free xylanolytic Clostridia from cow rumen
- 2003
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Ingår i: Water Science and Technology. - 0273-1223. ; 48:4, s. 185-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hemicellulolytic obligate anaerobes capable of converting a range of agricultural substrates and monomeric sugars of hemicellulose to solvents and acids were isolated from cow rumen fluid. The strains were identified as 5 strains of C. beijerinckii (3 different genotypes), 3 strains of C. acetobutylicum (2 different genotypes), 1 strain of C. butyricum and 3 strains of C. bifermentans (2 different genotypes). All of them produced cellulase-free xylanase activity. C.acetobutylicum LUI produced solvent, a high of 5.1 gl(-1) and C.bifermentans LUI produced xylanase activity a high of 4.2 IU ml(-1).
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