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- Bouchal, Johannes M., 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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An overview of the palynoflora of the Miocene Yatağan basin, Turkey
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The palynoflora of the lignite strip mines of the Yatağan basin, located in the Muğla province of western Turkey, is the focus of this study. Samples were taken from the Eskihisar, Salihpasalar and Tinaz mines. In the Yatağan basin two Miocene formations, formed from river and lake deposits, Eskihisar Formation (middle Miocene) and Yatağan Formation (late Miocene) have been designated. Both show a general lithology consisting of conglomerate, sandstone, claystone, limestone and tuffite, the mined/excavated lignite bearing strata are restricted to the Eskihisar Formation.Until now, pollen from the Yatağan basin has mostly been described according to conventional morphological nomenclature, using light microscopy (LM) only. In this study, the same individual pollen grains are investigated by using both, LM and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The high resolution pictographs allow a higher taxonomic resolution.The rich palynoflora (Table 1) is comprised of diverse spores (at least nine morphotypes), gymnosperm pollen from Cupressaceae, Gnetales, Pinaceae, and angiosperm pollen from Poaceae, Typhaceae, Altingiaceae, Amaranthaceae (Chenopodieae), Anacardiaceae, Apiaceae, Betulaceae, Buxaceae, Caprifoliaceae (Dipsacoideae, Lonicera) Caryophyllaceae, Compositae (Asteroideae, Cichoriodeae), Cornaceae, Eucommiaceae, Fabaceae, Fagaceae (Fagus, Quercus, Trigonobalanopsis) Geraniaceae, Juglandaceae, Malvaceae, Myricaceae, Nymphaeaceae, Oleaceae, Palmae, Plumbaginaceae (Armeria, Plumbago), Polygonaceae (Rumex), Salicaceae, Sapindaceae (Acer), Smilacaceae, and Ulmaceae (Cedrelospermum, Ulmus, Zelkova).
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- Denk, Thomas, 1971-
(författare)
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Comparative multilevel analysis : Proposal for a methodology
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Social Research Methodology. - : Routledge. - 1364-5579 .- 1464-5300. ; 13:1, s. 29-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents a new methodology for multilevel analysis using a small number of cases, named Comparative Multilevel Analysis (CMA). A classic problem in comparative studies has been the presence of too many variables and too few cases. One traditional solution to this problem has been to study subsystems within a system. However, the approach has fundamental limitations: it cannot analyse subsystems from different contexts, nor can it determine how conditions on the system level influence subsystems. By proposing four additions to traditional methodology, this article offers a new method of comparing subsystems from different contexts in order to analyse the effect of context on subsystems. The author also illustrates how CMA can be combined with Qualitative Comparative Analysis and Fuzzy‐set, thereby enabling these methods to be used in the study of subsystem and context effects.
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- Denk, Thomas, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Contextual analyses with QCA-methods
- 2014
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Ingår i: Quality and quantity. - : Springer. - 0033-5177 .- 1573-7845. ; 48:6, s. 3475-3487
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contextual analyses are essential in comparative research, as they investigate the importance of contextual conditions for causal relationships. During the last decades, an increasing number of comparative studies have also focused on how contextual conditions affect causal relationships. At the same time, new comparative methods have been developed based on set-theoretical logics. Two of the most prominent methods are csQCA and fsQCA, which are used in comparative studies with increasing frequency. However, the conventional design for contextual analysis is still based on quantitative methods and the use of interaction-factors. This article discusses why the use of interaction-factors is not suitable together with QCA-methods. Instead of the conventional design, the article presents an alternative design for contextual analyses with QCA-methods grounded on subgroup-design. Based on one recently-developed methodology comparative multilevel analysis (CMA), some guidelines for performing contextual analyses with two set-theoretical methods (csQCA and fsQCA) are presented. As illustrated with examples, the combination of CMA and QCA provides opportunities to use QCA for contextual analysis.
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- Denk, Thomas, 1971-
(författare)
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How to measure polyarchy with Freedom House : A proposal for revision
- 2013
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Ingår i: Quality and quantity. - : Springer. - 0033-5177 .- 1573-7845. ; 47:6, s. 3457-3471
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In studies on democracy and democratization, the Freedom House Index (FHI) isfrequently used to measure the concept of polyarchy. This approach creates an often noticeddiscrepancy between the conceptual and measurement levels. The concept of polyarchy isregarded as a minimalist definition of democracy, which mainly refers to the proceduralaspects of political systems, while FHI indicates a maximalist definition of democracy. Thisarticle presents a proposal to improve the conceptual validity when FHI is used to measurethe concept of polyarchy. The proposal suggests that the FHI is adjusted in two aspects. First,some sub-categories within the FHI are excluded based on their lack of relevance for theconcept of polyarchy. Second, the principle of aggregation is changed from simple arithme-tic addition to multiplication, which corresponds to the idea that all democratic institutions,according to the concept of polyarchy, are necessary for the democratic system. These twosuggestions create a revisited index that is based on the FHI. As illustrated with empiricalanalyses, the revisited index provides a quite different view of democratization at the globaland state levels.
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