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- Andersson, M. L. E., et al.
(författare)
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Diurnal variation in serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein in patients with knee osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis
- 2006
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Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 65:11, s. 1490-1494
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To monitor changes in serum concentrations of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) during a 24-h period to determine any diurnal variation, and to estimate the half life of COMP in the circulation in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis and in those with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: Serum samples were drawn every 4 h (7 samples/patient over 24 h) in 10 patients with knee osteoarthritis and 14 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoarthritis was defined radiographically and clinically (American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria) and rheumatoid arthritis according to the 1987 ACR criteria. Serum COMP was measured by sandwich ELISA. A statistical model for the diurnal variation in the COMP levels was developed using the computer program NONMEM. Results: No considerable changes in COMP levels were observed during the day between 08:00 and 21:00 in either group. A significant decrease in serum COMP was apparent during bed rest at night, reaching the lowest levels between 04:00 and 05:00 (p < 0.03 or better v all other time points) in patients with osteoarthritis and in those with rheumatoid arthritis. From the rate of decreasing serum COMP levels, a putative half life of COMP in the circulation was estimated to be 7.4 h. Conclusion: During normal daytime activities, serum COMP levels are constant. The decrease during the night indicates a rapid elimination of COMP once it has reached the circulation. The stable COMP levels during the day suggest that it is not necessary to further standardise the time of serum sampling in clinical practice.
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- Delbro, Dick, et al.
(författare)
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Is acetylcholine an autocrine/paracrine growth factor via the nicotinic α-receptor subtype in the human colon cancer cell line HT-29?
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Journal of Pharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-2999 .- 1879-0712. ; 609:1-3, s. 27-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We used immunochemistry to demonstrate expression of acetylcholine's nicotinic 7-receptor subtype inhuman colon cancer cell line HT-29. Moreover, RT-PCR and immunochemistry showed that cholineacetyltransferase and acetylcholine esterase, the enzymes responsible for acetylcholine synthesis anddegradation, respectively, localise in HT-29 cells. Bromoacetylcholine bromide, an inhibitor of cholineacetyltransferase, significantly attenuated basal cell growth. Our findings suggest that acetylcholine mightserve as an autocrine/paracrineor speculatively, even intracrinesignalling molecule in cell line HT-29, thuscontributing to carcinogenesis/cancer progression
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- Dick, G J, et al.
(författare)
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Community-wide analysis of microbial genome sequence signatures
- 2009
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Ingår i: Genome Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-6906 .- 1474-760X. ; 10:8, s. R85-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Analyses of DNA sequences from cultivated microorganisms have revealed genome-wide, taxa-specific nucleotide compositional characteristics, referred to as genome signatures. These signatures have far-reaching implications for understanding genome evolution and potential application in classification of metagenomic sequence fragments. However, little is known regarding the distribution of genome signatures in natural microbial communities or the extent to which environmental factors shape them. RESULTS: We analyzed metagenomic sequence data from two acidophilic biofilm communities, including composite genomes reconstructed for nine archaea, three bacteria, and numerous associated viruses, as well as thousands of unassigned fragments from strain variants and low-abundance organisms. Genome signatures, in the form of tetranucleotide frequencies analyzed by emergent self-organizing maps, segregated sequences from all known populations sharing < 50 to 60% average amino acid identity and revealed previously unknown genomic clusters corresponding to low-abundance organisms and a putative plasmid. Signatures were pervasive genome-wide. Clusters were resolved because intra-genome differences resulting from translational selection or protein adaptation to the intracellular (pH approximately 5) versus extracellular (pH approximately 1) environment were small relative to inter-genome differences. We found that these genome signatures stem from multiple influences but are primarily manifested through codon composition, which we propose is the result of genome-specific mutational biases. CONCLUSIONS: An important conclusion is that shared environmental pressures and interactions among coevolving organisms do not obscure genome signatures in acid mine drainage communities. Thus, genome signatures can be used to assign sequence fragments to populations, an essential prerequisite if metagenomics is to provide ecological and biochemical insights into the functioning of microbial communities.
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- Jansen, Anna M, et al.
(författare)
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PICK1 expression in the Drosophila central nervous system primarily occurs in the neuroendocrine system.
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Journal of comparative neurology. - : Wiley. - 1096-9861 .- 0021-9967. ; 517:3, s. 313-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The protein interacting with C kinase 1 (PICK1) protein was first identified as a novel binding partner for protein kinase C. PICK1 contains a membrane-binding BAR domain and a PDZ domain interacting with many synaptic proteins, including the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptor subunit GluR2 and the dopamine transporter. PICK1 is strongly implicated in GluR2 trafficking and synaptic plasticity. In mammals, PICK1 has been characterized extensively in cell culture studies. To study PICK1 in an intact system, we characterized PICK1 expression immunohistochemically in the adult and larval Drosophila central nervous system. PICK1 was found in cell bodies in the subesophageal ganglion, the antennal lobe, the protocerebrum, and the neuroendocrine center pars intercerebralis. The cell types that express PICK1 were identified using GAL4 enhancer trap lines. The PICK1-expressing cells form a subpopulation of neurons. PICK1 immunoreactivity was neither detected in glutamatergic nor in dopaminergic neurons. Also, we observed PICK1 expression in only a few GABAergic neurons, located in the antennal lobe. In contrast, we detected robust PICK1 immunolabeling of peptidergic neurons in the neuroendocrine system, which express the transcription factor DIMM and the amidating enzyme peptidylglycine-alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM). The PICK1-positive cells include neurosecretory cells that produce the insulin-like peptide dILP2. PICK1 expression in insulin-producing cells also occurs in mammals, as it was also observed in a rat insulinoma cell line derived from pancreatic beta-cells. At the subcellular level, PICK1 was found in the perinuclear zone but surprisingly not in synaptic domains. We conclude that PICK1 may serve an important role in the neuroendocrine system both in insects and vertebrates.
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- Nylund, G., et al.
(författare)
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P2Y2- and P2Y4 purinergic receptors are over-expressed in human colon cancer
- 2007
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Ingår i: Autonomic & autacoid pharmacology. - 1474-8665. ; 27:2, s. 79-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. A characteristic of cancer is altered signal transduction leading to uninhibited growth. Adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP), a natural ligand at P2X- and P2Y purinergic receptors may regulate cell growth in non-neoplastic, as well as neoplastic tissues. In the human colon cancer cell line, HT-29, we previously demonstrated the expression of purinergic receptors of the P2Y(2)- and P2Y(4) subclasses. 2. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether these two purinergic receptors are expressed also in human colon cancer, and, if so, how such expression is related to that in tumour-free colonic tissue. 3. The immunohistochemical findings of both P2Y(2)- and P2Y(4) receptors in the tumours from three patients, prompted us to conduct an investigation of a consecutive series of patients utilizing Western blotting for protein detection and densitometry for quantitation. 4. Both P2Y(2)- and P2Y(4) purinergic receptors could be identified in tumour-free tissue, and both were significantly over-expressed in each of the 10 colon cancers.
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