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| 2. |
- Braunerhjelm, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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Does Labour Mobility Foster Innovation? : Evidence from Sweden
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- By utilising a Swedish unique, matched employer-employee dataset that has been pooled with firm-level patent application data, we provide new evidence that knowledge workers’ mobility has a positive and strongly significant impact on firm innovation output, as measured by firm patent applications. The effect is particularly strong for knowledge workers that have previously worked in a patenting firm (the learning-by-hiring effect), but firms losing a knowledge worker are also shown to benefit (the diaspora effect), albeit more weakly. Finally, the effect is more pronounced when the joining worker originates in another region.
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| 3. |
- Braunerhjelm, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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Labour as a knowledge carrier : how increased mobilityinfluences entrepreneurship
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Technology Transfer. - : Springer-Verlag New York. - 0892-9912 .- 1573-7047. ; 41:6, s. 1308-1326
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to the knowledge-based spillover theory of entrepreneurship (KSTE), entrepreneurship is positively associated with the knowledge endowment level. An increase in knowledge expands the opportunity set, which is then exploited by heterogeneous entrepreneurs. The objective of this paper is to empirically test the validity of the KSTE by employing a detailed database comprising more than 19 million observations for the period 2001–2008 at the level of individuals, firms and regions in Sweden. Knowledge is claimed to be partly embodied in labour, implying that an increase in labour mobility can be expected to influence knowledge endowment at the regional level. Our dependent variable is an individual who has remained in a region throughout the time period considered. Controlling for a number of other variables, inter-regional labour inflows and intra-regional mobility levels are shown to exert a strong positive effect on entrepreneurship. This contrasts with inter-regional outflows, which negatively affect entrepreneurial entry. Another noteworthy result is that the probability of exploiting an increased knowledge stock through entrepreneurship increases by 15 % points if the individual has previous experience in starting a firm.
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| 4. |
- Braunerhjelm, Pontus, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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The knowledge spillover theory of intrapreneurship
- 2017
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Ingår i: Small Business Economics. - : Springer. - 0921-898X .- 1573-0913.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introducing the Knowledge Spillover Theory of Intrapreneurship, we examine how labour mobility impacts innovation distributed by firm size. A matched employer-employee dataset, pooled with firm-level patent application data, is implemented in the analysis. We provide new evidence that knowledge workers’ mobility has a positive and strongly significant impact on all firms’ innovation output, measured as patent applications. The patterns and effects do however differ between large and small firms. More precisely, for small firms, intraregional mobility of knowledge workers who have previously worked in a patenting firm (the learning-by-hiring effect) is shown to be statistically and economically highly significant, whereas only limited impact could be detected for firms losing knowledge workers (the learning-by-diaspora effect).
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Ding, Ding, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Does Innovation Lead to Firm Growth? : Explorative versus Exploitative Innovations
- 2016
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper, we examine the relationship between innovation and firm growth. Weimplement a classification of innovations based on whether they are explorative orexploitative, taking advantage of a unique Swedish dataset for the period 1997 to 2012.The data allow us to construct each firm’s innovation history. Panel regression estimations,together with an instrumental variable method, confirm a significant and positive effect ofboth exploitative and explorative innovation on firms’ employment growth. More radicalexplorative innovations are shown to have a more persistent growth effect, whereasexploitative innovation increases labour demand in the short run. We also provideempirical findings regarding the effect of innovations distributed on size classes anddifferent ownership structures.
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| 7. |
- Ding, Ding, 1986-
(författare)
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Heterogeneous Innovation and Labour Mobility
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Knowledge is a necessary and critically important factor in generating growth and increased prosperity. The extent to which such effects are materialized depends however on its diffusion and how it transcends into innovation, entrepreneurship and growing firms. This doctoral thesis consists of four papers that examine how labor mobility and innovation strategies influence the performance at the firm level with respect to new ventures, firm level growth and innovativeness. The first paper provides empirical support of the validity of the knowledge-based spillover theory of entrepreneurship by employing a detailed database. The results indicate that both inter-regional labor inflows and intra-regional labor mobility exert a strong positive effect on entrepreneurship, while inter-regional outflows negatively affect entrepreneurial entry. The second paper examines the influence of the labor mobility of knowledge workers on innovation at the firm level. New evidence are provided that reveals a positive and significant impact of labor mobility on firms’ innovations measured as patent applications. In the third paper the influence of labor mobility between multinational enterprises (MNEs) and other firms on innovation is investigated. Looking at firms having different owner structures, empirical evidence are provided that particularly domestically owned MNEs generate strong knowledge spillovers to non-MNEs that translates into innovations. The fourth paper examines the relationship between innovation and firm growth. We implement a classification of innovations based on whether they are explorative or exploitative. The more radical explorative innovations are shown to have a persistent growth effect in the long term, while exploitative innovation increases the labor demand predominantly in the short term.
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| 8. |
- Ding, Ding, 1986-
(författare)
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Learning from Multinational Enterprises:Knowledge flows through labour mobility
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Labour mobility is one mechanism through which technology and innovation frommultinational enterprises (MNEs) may be transferred to non-multinational enterprises(non-MNEs). Previous research has predominantly focused on such transfers as MNEsfrom developed economies have located to less developed countries. The objective of thispaper is to investigate how labour mobility between MNEs and other firms in a developedeconomy impacts innovation. Using employer-employee panel data on Swedish firms overa 10-year period, we find empirical evidence that spillover through hiring workerspreviously employed at MNEs, particularly domestically owned MNEs, stimulatesinnovations, as measured by patent applications.
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| 9. |
- Tian, Jingyi, et al.
(författare)
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Active control of anapole states by structuring the phase-change alloy Ge2Sb2Te5
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2041-1723. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-index dielectric nanoparticles supporting a distinct series of Mie resonances have enabled a new class of optical antennas with unprecedented functionalities. The great wealth of multipolar responses has not only brought in new physical insight but also spurred practical applications. However, how to make such a colorful resonance palette actively tunable is still elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the structured phase-change alloy Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) can support a diverse set of multipolar Mie resonances with active tunability. By harnessing the dramatic optical contrast of GST, we realize broadband (del lambda/lambda similar to 15%) mode shifting between an electric dipole resonance and an anapole state. Active control of higher-order anapoles and multimodal tuning are also investigated, which make the structured GST serve as a multispectral optical switch with high extinction contrasts (>6 dB). With all these findings, our study provides a new direction for realizing active nanophotonic devices.
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| 10. |
- Xia, Yi Han, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-Functional Desaturases in Two Spodoptera Moths with ∆11 and ∆12 Desaturation Activities
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0098-0331 .- 1573-1561. ; 45:4, s. 378-387
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, uses (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate as the major component of its sex pheromone. Previous isotope-labeling experiments demonstrated an unusual ∆12 desaturase activity involved in the biosynthesis of this compound; however, the putative ∆12 desaturase gene has not been reported to date. In the present study, we confirmed this ∆12 desaturation pathway by in vivo labeling experiments, and characterized candidate desaturase genes in a yeast heterologous expression system. We demonstrated that a pheromone gland-specific desaturase, SexiDes5, uses palmitic acid and the subsequently chain-shortened product (Z)-9-tetradecenoic acid as substrates to produce (Z)-11-hexadecenoic and (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienoic acids, respectively. In addition, the homologous desaturase SlitDes5 from the congeneric Spodoptera litura had analogous functions.
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