| 1. |
- Abate, E., et al.
(författare)
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Combined performance tests before installation of the ATLAS Semiconductor and Transition Radiation Tracking Detectors
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ATLAS (A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS) Inner Detector provides charged particle tracking in the centre of the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The Inner Detector consists of three subdetectors: the Pixel Detector, the Semiconductor Tracker (SCT), and the Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT). This paper summarizes the tests that were carried out at the final stage of SCT+TRT integration prior to their installation in ATLAS. The combined operation and performance of the SCT and TRT barrel and endcap detectors was investigated through a series of noise tests, and by recording the tracks of cosmic rays. This was a crucial test of hardware and software of the combined tracker detector systems. The results of noise and cross-talk tests on the SCT and TRT in their final assembled configuration, using final readout and supply hardware and software, are reported. The reconstruction and analysis of the recorded cosmic tracks allowed testing of the offline analysis chain and verification of basic tracker performance parameters, such as efficiency and spatial resolution, in combined operation before installation.
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| 2. |
- Abat, E., et al.
(författare)
-
The ATLAS Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT) proportional drift tube: design and performance
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 3:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A straw proportional counter is the basic element of the ATLAS Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT). Its detailed properties as well as the main properties of a few TRT operating gas mixtures are described. Particular attention is paid to straw tube performance in high radiation conditions and to its operational stability.
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| 3. |
- Abat, E., et al.
(författare)
-
The ATLAS TRT barrel detector
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ATLAS TRT barrel is a tracking drift chamber using 52,544 individual tubular drift tubes. It is one part of the ATLAS Inner Detector, which consists of three sub-systems: the pixel detector spanning the radius range 4 to 20 cm, the semiconductor tracker (SCT) from 30 to 52 cm, and the transition radiation tracker ( TRT) from 56 to 108 cm. The TRT barrel covers the central pseudo-rapidity region |eta| < 1, while the TRT endcaps cover the forward and backward eta regions. These TRT systems provide a combination of continuous tracking with many measurements in individual drift tubes ( or straws) and of electron identification based on transition radiation from fibers or foils interleaved between the straws themselves. This paper describes the recently-completed construction of the TRT Barrel detector, including the quality control procedures used in the fabrication of the detector.
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| 4. |
- Abat, E., et al.
(författare)
-
The ATLAS TRT electronics
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 3:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ATLAS inner detector consists of three sub-systems: the pixel detector spanning the radius range 4cm-20cm, the semiconductor tracker at radii from 30 to 52 cm, and the transition radiation tracker (TRT), tracking from 56 to 107 cm. The TRT provides a combination of continuous tracking with many projective measurements based on individual drift tubes (or straws) and of electron identification based on transition radiation from fibres or foils interleaved between the straws themselves. This paper describes the on and off detector electronics for the TRT as well as the TRT portion of the data acquisition (DAQ) system.
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| 5. |
- Abat, E., et al.
(författare)
-
The ATLAS TRT end-cap detectors
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ATLAS TRT end-cap is a tracking drift chamber using 245,760 individual tubular drift tubes. It is a part of the TRT tracker which consist of the barrel and two end-caps. The TRT end-caps cover the forward and backward pseudo-rapidity region 1.0 < vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.0, while the TRT barrel central eta region vertical bar eta vertical bar < 1.0. The TRT system provides a combination of continuous tracking with many measurements in individual drift tubes ( or straws) and of electron identification based on transition radiation from fibers or foils interleaved between the straws themselves. Along with other two sub-systems, namely the Pixel detector and Semi Conductor Tracker (SCT), the TRT constitutes the ATLAS Inner Detector. This paper describes the recently completed and installed TRT end-cap detectors, their design, assembly, integration and the acceptance tests applied during the construction.
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| 6. |
- Schoch, C. L., et al.
(författare)
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A class-wide phylogenetic assessment of Dothideomycetes
- 2009
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Ingår i: Studies in mycology. - : Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute. - 0166-0616 .- 1872-9797. ; 64, s. 1-15
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a comprehensive phylogeny derived from 5 genes, nucSSU, nucLSU rDNA, TEF1, RPB1 and RPB2, for 356 isolates and 41 families (six newly described in this volume) in Dothideomycetes. All currently accepted orders in the class are represented for the first time in addition to numerous previously unplaced lineages. Subclass Pleosporomycetidae is expanded to include the aquatic order Jahnulales. An ancestral reconstruction of basic nutritional modes supports numerous transitions from saprobic life histories to plant associated and lichenised modes and a transition from terrestrial to aquatic habitats are confirmed. Finally, a genomic comparison of 6 dothideomycete genomes with other fungi finds a high level of unique protein associated with the class, supporting its delineation as a separate taxon.
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| 7. |
- Rashid, S. J., et al.
(författare)
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Modelling of single-crystal diamond Schottky diodes for high-voltage applications
- 2006
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Ingår i: Diamond and related materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-9635 .- 1879-0062. ; 15, s. 317-323
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The modelling of Schottky m-i-p(+) (SMIP) diodes fabricated on chemical vapour deposited (CVD) single crystal (SC) diamond intrinsic layers grown on highly boron doped CVD diamond Substrates is reported. Variations in intrinsic layer thickness, Schottky metal type and operating temperature have been included in the analysis. Numerical models that take into account the activation of dopants, concentration and temperature dependant mobility and avalanche coefficients have been derived to successfully simulate experimental diamond devices.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Rashid, S. J., et al.
(författare)
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Numerical Parameterization of Chemical-Vapor-Deposited (CVD) Single-Crystal Diamond for Device Simulation and Analysis
- 2008
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. - 0018-9383 .- 1557-9646. ; 55:10, s. 2744-2756
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-quality electronic-grade intrinsic chemical-vapor-deposited (CVD) single-crystal diamond layers having exceptionally high carrier mobilities have been reported by Isberg et al. This makes the realization of novel electronic devices in diamond, particularly for high-voltage and high-temperature applications, a viable proposition. As such, material models which can capture the particular features of diamond as a semiconductor are required to analyze, optimize, and quantitatively design new devices. For example, the incomplete ionization of boron in diamond and the transition to metallic conduction in heavily boron-doped layers require accurate carrier freeze-out models to be included in the simulation of diamond devices. Models describing these phenomena are proposed in this paper and include numerical approximation of intrinsic diamond which is necessary to formulate doping- and temperature-dependent mobility models. They enable a concise numerical description of single-crystal diamond which agrees with data obtained from material characterization. The models are verified by application to new Schottky m-i-p(+) diode structures in diamond. Simulated forward characteristics show excellent correlation with experimental measurements. In spite of the lack of impact ionization data for single-crystal diamond, approximation of avalanche coefficient parameters from other wide-bandgap semiconductors has also enabled the reverse blocking characteristics of diamond diodes to be simulated. Acceptable agreement with breakdown voltage from experimental devices made with presently available single-crystal CVD diamond is obtained.
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| 10. |
- Jones, Hannah E., et al.
(författare)
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The differential response of human dendritic cells to live and killed Neisseria meningitidis
- 2007
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Ingår i: Cellular Microbiology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1462-5814. ; 9:12, s. 2856-2869
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is currently no effective vaccine for Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) serogroup B. Generation of optimal immune responses to meningococci could be achieved by targeting meningococcal antigens to human dendritic cells (DCs). Recent studies have shown that diverse DC responses and subsequent generation of protective immunity can be observed if the microbes are viable or killed. This is important because the host is likely to be exposed to both live and killed bacteria during natural infection. There are currently few data on comparative DC responses to live and killed meningococci. We show here that exposure of human DC to live meningococci does not result in a typical maturation response, as determined by the failure to upregulate CD40, CD86, HLA-DR and HLA-Class I. Despite this, live meningococci were potent inducers of IL-12 and IL-10, although the ratios of these cytokines differed from those to killed organisms. Our data also suggest that enhanced phagocytosis of killed organisms compared with live may be responsible for the differential cytokine responses, involving an autocrine IL-10-dependent mechanism. The consequences of these findings upon the effectiveness of antigen presentation and T-cell responses are currently under investigation.
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