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- Hellberg, Christel, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence and evidence gaps in assessments and interventions in areas related to social work research and practice – an overview of four evidence maps : [Vetenskapligt kunskapsläge om utredning och insatser i socialt arbete och forskning –en sammanställning av fyra kartläggningar]
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Social Work. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1369-1457 .- 1468-2664. ; 26:5, s. 882-895
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This overview of four evidence maps is based on systematic reviews of assessment and interventions in social work practice. The aim was to investigate the evidence and evidence gaps within four important areas for social work research and practice. Descriptive data on search strategies and domains were collected from four evidence maps, on Social Assistance, Substance Dependence, Care for older adults respectively for persons with disabilities. The scientific quality and scientific evidence were assessed. Key findings were summarised by analyzing and discussing common and specific elements in the evidence maps. The overview was undertaken in close collaboration between researchers with expertise in the field and a government agency. The overview identified both evidence and evidence gaps with respect to effects and experiences of interventions and assessment methods in four evidence maps. Evidence maps provide a comprehensive picture of the state of social services research and can thereby be of use to both researchers and practitioners, and in the production of evidence based social work.
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- Klingberg, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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How old are you? : a systematic review investigating the relationship between age and mandibular third molar maturity
- 2023
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 18:5, s. 1-14
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction and objective: Radiographic evaluation of the maturity of mandibular third molars is a common method used for age estimation of adolescents and young adults. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the scientific base for the relationship between a fully matured mandibular third molar based on Demirjian's method and chronological age, in order to assess whether an individual is above or below the age of 18 years.Methods: The literature search was conducted in six databases until February 2022 for studies reporting data evaluating the tooth maturity using Demirjian´s method (specifically stage H) within populations ranging from 8 to 30 years (chronological age). Two reviewers screened the titles and abstracts identified through the search strategy independently. All studies of potential relevance according to the inclusion criteria were obtained in full text, after which they were assessed for inclusion by two independent reviewers. Any disagreement was resolved by a discussion. Two reviewers independently evaluated the risk of bias using the assessment tool QUADAS-2 and extracted the data from the studies with low or moderate risk of bias. Logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship between chronological age and proportion of subjects with a fully matured mandibular third molar (Demirjian´s tooth stage H).Results: A total of 15 studies with low or moderate risk of bias were included in the review. The studies were conducted in 13 countries and the chronological age of the investigated participants ranged from 3 to 27 years and the number of participants ranged between 208 and 5,769. Ten of the studies presented the results as mean age per Demirjian´s tooth stage H, but only five studies showed the distribution of developmental stages according to validated age. The proportion of subjects with a mandibular tooth in Demirjian´s tooth stage H at 18 years ranged from 0% to 22% among males and 0 to 16% in females. Since the studies were too heterogenous to perform a meta-analysis or a meaningful narrative review, we decided to refrain from a GRADE assessment.Conclusion: The identified literature does not provide scientific evidence for the relationship between Demirjian´s stage H of a mandibular third molar and chronologic age in order to assess if an individual is under or above the age of 18 years.
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- Landeman, Marc, 1990-
(författare)
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Markåtkomstersättning
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- How to compensate landowners when they suffer a compulsory acquisition of their property is a long-standing problem. In general, the subject is usually stated as a two-sided problem. First, it is a fairness problem regarding what measuring instrument should be used to decide a fair amount of compensation to the landowner. Second, it concerns how the chosen measuring instrument should be applied in practice from a legal point of view. The main purpose of the thesis is to reconstruct the compensation system. Broad questions addressed include how the market value should be determined, what efficiency and fairness requirements the compensation has in this context, and how the conditions of different situations affect the view of what is an efficient and fair compensation. The thesis uses a mixed-method that contains a legal dogmatic method, as well as a law and economics, and a fairness approach. The thesis finds that the market value can, in an economic context, only be determined as a range of probable prices and the result is largely influenced by the appraiser. To determine the market value of real property one needs to use qualitative approaches, even though the result is a quantitative measure. From a legal point of view, the court has to decide the specific price within the range that corresponds to the legal market value. To approach this problem, the court needs to use the underlying purposes of the compensation, such as full compensation and the general sense of justice. From a fairness perspective, both the legislator and the courts have modified the compensation rules in order to fulfil other goals that go beyond the economic market value. One key finding is that the market value in a legal context has a much higher degree of flexibility than in an economic context. Another key finding is that the design of the rules matters for the overall utility of society since an unfair system will generate demoralization costs. Therefore, the thesis argues that an adequate design of the compensation system has to take in to account the differences between different situations, since these differences decide what can be considered an adequate compensation. Overall, the thesis concludes that the current system should differentiate how the compensation has to be determined between different situations to a much larger extent. Thus, the extent to which a specific level of compensation achieves legal and societal goals depends on the situation.
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- Morén, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of Domiciliary Professional Oral Care on Root Caries Progression in Care-Dependent Older Adults : A Systematic Review
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Medicine. - : MDPI. - 2077-0383. ; 12:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With care dependency, untreated root caries lesions (RCLs) and irregular dental visits are common. RCLs, if left untreated, could lead to pain, tooth loss, difficulties eating, and impact on general health. Therefore, there is a need for prevention and effective treatment for RCLs, and especially in those with care dependency. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effect of domiciliary professional oral care on root caries development and progression, in comparison with self-performed or nurse-assisted oral care. A literature search was conducted in four databases in November 2022. Two authors independently screened the literature throughout the review process. Five of the identified studies were found to be relevant. Four of these were assessed as having moderate risk of bias and were included in the review, while one study had high risk of bias and was excluded from further analyses. Due to heterogenicity of the included studies (and of the interventions and outcomes), no meta-analysis or synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) was performed. The participation of dental personnel performing mechanical plaque removal and fluoride, or chlorhexidine application seems beneficial for care-dependent older adults with risk of RCLs development and progression. However, future studies are needed.
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