| 1. |
- Abat, E., et al.
(författare)
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Study of the response of the ATLAS central calorimeter to pions of energies from 3 to 9 GeV
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5087 .- 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 607:2, s. 372-386
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A fully instrumented slice of the ATLAS central detector was exposed to test beams from the SPS (Super Proton Synchrotron) at CERN in 2004. in this paper, the response of the central calorimeters to pions with energies in the range between 3 and 9 GeV is presented. The linearity and the resolution of the combined calorimetry (electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters) was measured and compared to the prediction of a detector simulation program using the toolkit Geant 4. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Drake, James Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Reversed-Field Pinch Contributions to Resistive Wall Mode Physics and Control
- 2008
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimal feedback control of resistive-wall modes (RWM) is of common interest for toroidal fusionconcepts that use conducting walls for stabilization of ideal MHD modes. From the RWM control point of view,the RFP situation is in many respects similar to the advanced tokamak situation in the presence of very lowplasma rotation, where the most effective stabilizing mechanism is the feedback action of a set of active coils.Results from EXTRAP T2R (Sweden) and RFX-mod (Italy) RFP experiments have shown that full feedbackcontrol of multiple RWMs is possible and their deleterious effects can be completely suppressed. However it isnow important to optimize the RWM control systems both for the RFP and tokamak configuration for futureimplementation. Important aspects of optimization are effective mode identification and tracking capability,avoidance of the harmful effects of sideband modes (aliasing) in the control spectrum, minimized powerrequirements and robust controller stability. The paper describes collaborative work carried out on the two RFPexperiments. Controller models based on the mode harmonic control concept and on a state-space multipleinputmultiple-output intelligent shell concept are studied. Progress in development of optimal control schemesare presented both through experimental studies and simulations.
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| 4. |
- Lagou, M, et al.
(författare)
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Bladder volume alters cholinergic responses of the isolated whole mouse bladder
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Urology. - 1527-3792. ; 175:2, s. 771-776
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The isolated bladder expresses autonomous activity, which may contribute to the generation of lower urinary tract sensation or pathophysiology. We evaluated how the effect of a cholinergic agonist on autonomous activity alters with increasing volume and in the presence of substances known to modulate functional bladder capacity. Materials and Methods: The bladder of 22 adult female C57 black mice were mounted in whole organ tissue baths. Recordings of intravesical pressure were performed under standardized conditions at different bladder volumes. Results: At low volume the muscarinic agonist arecaidine elicited an initial peak response, which subsided to a sustained steady state pressure. At high volume phasic pressure fluctuations were also apparent. An M-2-receptor antagonist caused a significantly greater decrease in peak and steady state responses than in pressure fluctuations. An M-3-receptor antagonist decreased all 3 components. alpha, beta-methylene adenosine triphosphate markedly decreased fluctuations, in contrast to norepinephrine, which eliminated the steady state response while preserving fluctuations. Conclusions: The response to cholinergic stimulation of the isolated bladder has 3 components. The initial tonic peak response increases with bladder distention and it is inhibited by M-2 and M-3 muscarinic receptor antagonists. The tonic steady state response does not vary with bladder volume and it is inhibited by M-2 and M-3-receptor antagonists, and by beta(3)-adrenergic receptor agonists. Phasic fluctuations are minimal at low bladder volume, and with alpha, beta-methylene adenosine triphosphate or an M3-receptor antagonist. Thus, the response to cholinergic stimulation varies with bladder volume. It can be differentially modulated by muscarinic antagonists and also by agents acting through nonmuscarinic receptors.
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