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- Batistuzzo, S., et al.
(författare)
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PAH exposure and relationship between buccal micronucleus cytome assay and urinary 1-hydroxypyrene levels among cashew nut roasting workers
- 2016
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Ingår i: Toxicology Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-4274 .- 1879-3169. ; 258, s. S223-S224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study conducted the first assessment of the occupational risk associated to artisanal cashew nut roasting by the use of exposure and effect biomarkers, as well as the characterization and dispersion analysis of the released particulate matter (PM). The PM concentrations in the exposed area were higher than in the non-exposed area. Furthermore, in the control area yielded a higher prevalence of coarse particles, while in the exposed area was observed fine particles. The morphological analysis showed a wide variety of particles. Biomass burning tracers K, Cl, S and Ca were the major inorganic compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with mutagenic and carcinogenic potential, such as benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[j]fluoranthene and indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene were the most abundant PAHs. In addition, atmospheric modeling analysis suggest that these particles can reach regions higher than 40 kilometers. Occupational PAH exposure was confirmed by increases in 1-OHP levels in cashew nut workers. The frequencies of BMCyt biomarkers of genotoxic (micronuclei and nuclear bud) and cytotoxic (pyknosis, karyolysis, karyorrhexis and condensed chromatin) were higher in the exposed group (p < 0.0001) compared with the control group. The influence of factors such as age on the micronucleus was evidenced and a correlation between 1-OHP and MN was observed. It was the first study to found a correlation between these types of biomarkers. The uses of exposure and effect biomarkers were therefore efficient in assessing the occupational risk associated with artisanal cashew nut roasting and the high rates of PM2.5 are considered a potential contributor to this effect.
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- Di Bucchianico, S., et al.
(författare)
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Genotoxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles assessed by mini-gel comet assay and micronucleus scoring with flow cytometry
- 2017
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Ingår i: Mutagenesis. - : Oxford University Press. - 0267-8357 .- 1464-3804. ; 32:1, s. 127-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The widespread production and use of nanoparticles calls for faster and more reliable methods to assess their safety. The main aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxicity of three reference TiO2 nanomaterials (NM) within the frame of the FP7-NANoREG project, with a particular focus on testing the applicability of mini-gel comet assay and micronucleus (MN) scoring by flow cytometry. BEAS-2B cells cultured under serum-free conditions were exposed to NM100 (anatase, 50-150 nm), NM101 (anatase, 5-8 nm) and NM103 (rutile, 20-28 nm) for 3, 24 or 48 h mainly at concentrations 1-30 μg/ml. In the mini-gel comet assay (eight gels per slide), we included analysis of (i) DNA strand breaks, (ii) oxidised bases (Fpg-sensitive sites) and (iii) light-induced DNA damage due to photocatalytic activity. Furthermore, MN assays were used and we compared the results of more high-throughput MN scoring with flow cytometry to that of cytokinesis-block MN cytome assay scored manually using a microscope. Various methods were used to assess cytotoxic effects and the results showed in general no or low effects at the doses tested. A weak genotoxic effect of the tested TiO2 materials was observed with an induction of oxidised bases for all three materials of which NM100 was the most potent. When the comet slides were briefly exposed to lab light, a clear induction of DNA strand breaks was observed for the anatase materials, but not for the rutile. This highlights the risk of false positives when testing photocatalytically active materials if light is not properly avoided. A slight increase in MN formation for NM103 was observed in the different MN assays at the lower doses tested (1 and 5 μg/ml). We conclude that mini-gel comet assay and MN scoring using flow cytometry successfully can be used to efficiently study cytotoxic and genotoxic properties of nanoparticles.
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