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- Antel, C., et al.
(författare)
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Feebly-interacting particles : FIPs 2022 Workshop Report
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 83:12
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Particle physics today faces the challenge of explaining the mystery of dark matter, the origin of matter over anti-matter in the Universe, the origin of the neutrino masses, the apparent fine-tuning of the electro-weak scale, and many other aspects of fundamental physics. Perhaps the most striking frontier to emerge in the search for answers involves new physics at mass scales comparable to familiar matter, below the GeV-scale, or even radically below, down to sub-eV scales, and with very feeble interaction strength. New theoretical ideas to address dark matter and other fundamental questions predict such feebly interacting particles (FIPs) at these scales, and indeed, existing data provide numerous hints for such possibility. A vibrant experimental program to discover such physics is under way, guided by a systematic theoretical approach firmly grounded on the underlying principles of the Standard Model. This document represents the report of the FIPs 2022 workshop, held at CERN between the 17 and 21 October 2022 and aims to give an overview of these efforts, their motivations, and the decadal goals that animate the community involved in the search for FIPs.
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- Verhaaren, C. B., et al.
(författare)
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Searches for Long-Lived Particles at the Future FCC-ee
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Physics. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-424X. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electron-positron stage of the Future Circular Collider, FCC-ee, is a frontier factory for Higgs, top, electroweak, and flavour physics. It is designed to operate in a 100 km circular tunnel built at CERN, and will serve as the first step towards ≥100 TeV proton-proton collisions. In addition to an essential and unique Higgs program, it offers powerful opportunities to discover direct or indirect evidence of physics beyond the Standard Model. Direct searches for long-lived particles at FCC-ee could be particularly fertile in the high-luminosity Z run, where 5 × 1012 Z bosons are anticipated to be produced for the configuration with two interaction points. The high statistics of Higgs bosons, W bosons and top quarks in very clean experimental conditions could offer additional opportunities at other collision energies. Three physics cases producing long-lived signatures at FCC-ee are highlighted and studied in this paper: heavy neutral leptons (HNLs), axion-like particles (ALPs), and exotic decays of the Higgs boson. These searches motivate out-of-the-box optimization of experimental conditions and analysis techniques, which could lead to improvements in other physics searches.
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- Alimena, Juliette, et al.
(författare)
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Searching for long-lived particles beyond the Standard Model at the Large Hadron Collider
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics G. - : IOP Publishing. - 0954-3899 .- 1361-6471. ; 47:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Particles beyond the Standard Model (SM) can generically have lifetimes that are long compared to SM particles at the weak scale. When produced at experiments such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, these long-lived particles (LLPs) can decay far from the interaction vertex of the primary proton-proton collision. Such LLP signatures are distinct from those of promptly decaying particles that are targeted by the majority of searches for new physics at the LHC, often requiring customized techniques to identify, for example, significantly displaced decay vertices, tracks with atypical properties, and short track segments. Given their non-standard nature, a comprehensive overview of LLP signatures at the LHC is beneficial to ensure that possible avenues of the discovery of new physics are not overlooked. Here we report on the joint work of a community of theorists and experimentalists with the ATLAS, CMS, and LHCb experiments-as well as those working on dedicated experiments such as MoEDAL, milliQan, MATHUSLA, CODEX-b, and FASER-to survey the current state of LLP searches at the LHC, and to chart a path for the development of LLP searches into the future, both in the upcoming Run 3 and at the high-luminosity LHC. The work is organized around the current and future potential capabilities of LHC experiments to generally discover new LLPs, and takes a signature-based approach to surveying classes of models that give rise to LLPs rather than emphasizing any particular theory motivation. We develop a set of simplified models; assess the coverage of current searches; document known, often unexpected backgrounds; explore the capabilities of proposed detector upgrades; provide recommendations for the presentation of search results; and look towards the newest frontiers, namely high-multiplicity 'dark showers', highlighting opportunities for expanding the LHC reach for these signals.
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| 8. |
- Pistocchi, A., et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of micropollutants in wastewater : Balancing effectiveness, costs and implications
- 2022
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697. ; 850
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this contribution, we analyse scenarios of advanced wastewater treatment for the removal of micropollutants. By this we refer to current mainstream, broad spectrum processes including ozonation and sorption onto activated carbon. We argue that advanced treatment requires properly implemented tertiary (nutrient removal) treatment in order to be effective. We review the critical aspects of the main advanced treatment options, their advantages and disadvantages. We propose a quantification of the costs of implementing advanced treatment, as well as upgrading plants from secondary to tertiary treatment when needed, and we illustrate what drives the costs of advanced treatment for a set of standard configurations. We propose a cost function to represent the total costs (investment, operation and maintenance) of advanced treatment. We quantify the implications of advanced treatment in terms of greenhouse gas emissions. Based on the indicators of total toxic discharge, toxicity at the discharge points and toxicity across the stream network discussed in Pistocchi et al. (2022), we compare costs and effectiveness of different scenarios of advanced treatment. In principle the total toxic load and toxicity at the points of discharge could be reduced by about 75 % if advanced treatment processes were implemented virtually at all wastewater treatment plants, but this would entail costs of about 4 billion euro/year for the European Union as a whole. We consider a “compromise” scenario where advanced treatment is required at plants of 100 thousand population equivalents (PE) or larger, or at plants between 10 and 100 thousand PE if the dilution ratio at the discharge point is 10 or less. Under this scenario, the length of the stream network exposed to high toxicity would not increase significantly compared to the previous scenario, and the other indicators would not deteriorate significantly, while the costs would remain at about 1.5 billion Euro/year. Arguably, costs could be further reduced, without a worsening of water quality, if we replace a local risk assessment to generic criteria of plant capacity and dilution in order to determine if a WWTP requires advanced treatment.
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| 9. |
- Ud-din, Moeen, et al.
(författare)
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DIgestive COmplications in DIabetes : the DICODI population study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 58:1, s. 3-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundDiabetes type 1 and type 2 may develop gastrointestinal complications e.g., gastroparesis and gastroenteropathy. Concomitant celiac disease and pancreatic exocrine insufficiency occur with high prevalence in diabetes and with symptomatic overlap. Consequently, it is a challenge to disentangle symptoms of these conditions and separate them from functional dyspepsia. We aim to develop a clinical decision-support tool to differentiate the underlying disease in a plethora of gastrointestinal symptoms.MethodsAn internet-based computerized survey will collect basic characteristics (diabetes type, age, gender, duration, HbA1c, treatment) and patient reported outcomes by validated questionnaires focusing on (1) gastroparesis using Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index; (2) gastroenteropathy using Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale; (3) celiac disease using Celiac Symptom Index and (4) pancreatic exocrine insufficiency with Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency Questionnaire. Logistic regression and multiple regression analyses will identify risk factors and gastrointestinal complications. Cluster analyses and machine learning will classify different symptoms and co-existing presentations, into a likely diagnosis. We seek biomarkers for autonomic neuropathy by characterizing development of retinopathy using the Visual Function Questionnaire-25 and peripheral neuropathy by the Michigan neuropathy questionnaire. Participants are re-examined yearly for disease progression over time.ResultsFrom focus group studies gastrointestinal symptoms are of major concern in diabetes. Potentially, estimates of symptom prevalence, risk factor identification and classifications of gastrointestinal complications can be unraveled for feedback to health care providers.ConclusionThe web-based DICODI project will open up possibilities to detect gastrointestinal complications of diabetes in a societal setting, benefitting people living with diabetes, health care professionals, and society.
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| 10. |
- Abdullahi, Asli M., et al.
(författare)
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The present and future status of heavy neutral leptons
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics G. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0954-3899 .- 1361-6471. ; 50:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The existence of nonzero neutrino masses points to the likely existence of multiple Standard Model neutral fermions. When such states are heavy enough that they cannot be produced in oscillations, they are referred to as heavy neutral leptons (HNLs). In this white paper, we discuss the present experimental status of HNLs including colliders, beta decay, accelerators, as well as astrophysical and cosmological impacts. We discuss the importance of continuing to search for HNLs, and its potential impact on our understanding of key fundamental questions, and additionally we outline the future prospects for next-generation future experiments or upcoming accelerator run scenarios.
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