| 1. |
- Dumas, Randy K., et al.
(författare)
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Graded Anisotropy FePtCu Films
- 2011
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on magnetics. - 0018-9464 .- 1941-0069. ; 47:6, s. 1580-1586
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fabrication and subsequent analysis of continuously graded anisotropy films are discussed. During deposition, a compositional gradient is first achieved by varying the Cu concentration from Cu-rich (Fe53Pt47)(70)Cu-30 to Cu-free Fe53Pt47. The anisotropy gradient is then realized after thermal post-annealing, and by utilizing the strong composition dependence of the low-anisotropy (A1) to high-anisotropy (L1(0)) ordering temperature. The magnetic properties are investigated by surface sensitive magneto-optical Kerr effect and alternating gradient magnetometer (AGM) measurements. AGM first-order reversal curve (FORC) measurements are employed in order to provide a detailed analysis of the reversal mechanisms, and therefore the induced anisotropy gradient. At low annealing temperatures, the FORC measurements clearly indicate the highly coupled reversal of soft and hard phases. However, significant interdiffusion results in virtually uniform films at elevated annealing temperatures. Additionally, the A1 to L1(0) ordering process is found to depend on the film thickness.
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| 2. |
- Dumas, Randy K., et al.
(författare)
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Probing vertically graded anisotropy in FePtCu films
- 2011
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 84, s. 054434-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Field-dependent polarized neutron reflectivity (PNR) and magnetometry are employed to study the magnetic properties of compositionally uniform and graded FePtCu films as a function of annealing temperature (TA). The PNR results are able to directly probe the compositional and anisotropy variations through the film thickness. Further details about how the reversal mechanisms evolve are then elucidated by using a first-order reversal curve technique. The reversal of the graded sample annealed at 300°C occurs by an initial rapid switching of the dominant soft A1 phase toward the surface of the film, followed by the gradual reversal of the residual hard phase components toward the bottom. This indicates that the anisotropy gradient is not well established at this low TA. A fundamentally different mechanism is found after annealing at 400°C, where the rapid switching of the entire film is preceded by a gradual reversal of the soft layers. This suggests that the anisotropy gradient has become better established through the film thickness. The field-dependent PNR measurements confirm the existence of an anisotropy gradient, where the lower (higher) anisotropy portions are now toward the bottom (top) of the film because of the Cu compositional gradient. However, after annealing at 500°C, a single rapid reversal is found, indicating the formation of a uniform hard film. In this case, PNR demonstrates a more uniform magnetic depth profile that is consistent with a uniform reference sample, suggesting significant interdiffusion of the Cu is degrading the compositional and induced anisotropy gradient at this elevated TA.
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| 3. |
- Fang, Yeyu, et al.
(författare)
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An In Situ anneal study of graded anisotropy FePtCu films
- 2011
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Ingår i: IEEE Magnetics Letters. - 1949-307X .- 1949-3088. ; 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We provide a detailed study of how the anisotropy (Ku) gradient in a compositionally graded FePtCu film gradually develops as a function of the postannealing temperature (TA). By utilizing the in situ annealing and magnetic characterization capabilities of a physical property measurement system, the evolution of the induced Ku gradient is elucidated. For low TA, the sample primarily remains in the low-Ku A1 phase. At intermediate TA, the gradual development of an A1 to L10 anisotropy gradient occurs. As TA is further increased, a well-developed L10 gradient is realized. Finally, annealing temperatures greater than 475 ◦C reduce the gradient until the film is effectively uniform for TA ≥ 525 ◦C and higher, presumably due to interdiffusion of the Cu through the film thickness. The resulting coercivity shows a nonmonotonic dependence on TA with an initial steep increase as the L10 fraction of the sample increases, a local minimum at TA = 525 ◦C where the gradient vanishes, and a final increase as the uniform L10 film orders completely.
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| 4. |
- Nguyen, T. N. Anh, et al.
(författare)
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[Co/Pd]-NiFe exchange springs with tunable magnetization tilt angle
- 2011
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 98:17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate exchange coupled [Co/Pd]5–NiFe thin films. Due to competition between the in-plane shape anisotropy of the NiFe and strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of the [Co/Pd]5 multilayer, unique magnetic configurations are achievable. In particular, we explore the out-of-plane magnetization tilt angle of the NiFe layer. Experimental results, based on conventional magnetometry, ferromagnetic resonance, and magnetic force microscopy, agree well with one-dimensional micromagnetic simulations. We find that the tilt angle is highly tunable (0°–60°) over a small range of NiFe thicknesses (4.8–8 nm). Potential applications for high power, zero-field operation spin torque oscillators are discussed.
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| 5. |
- Zha, Chaolin, et al.
(författare)
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Nanostructured MnGa films on Si/SiO(2) with 20.5 kOe room temperature coercivity
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 110:9, s. 093902-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanostructured Mn(67)Ga(33) films exhibiting high room temperature coercivity (H(C) = 20.5 kOe) have been prepared by sputtering onto thermally oxidized Si substrates. Both the morphology and the coercivity of the films can be tuned by varying the growth parameters. The low deposition rate film, sputtered at a reduced power and working pressure, demonstrates a discontinuous island-like growth and the highest H(C). The large H(C) is linked to the presence of the high anisotropy DO(22) Mn(3)Ga phase and the single domain character of the exchange isolated, dipolar interacting, single crystal islands.
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