| 1. |
- Earon, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Hydraulic heterogeneity and its impact on kinematic porosity in Swedish coastal terrains
- 2018
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Ingår i: Engineering Geology. - : Elsevier. - 0013-7952 .- 1872-6917. ; 245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydrogeology in crystalline rock aquifers is often problematic due to the heterogeneity and anisotropy in thefracture network. Kinematic porosity of the host rock is exceedingly important for municipal decision makers inassessing sustainably extractable water supply volumes and assessing contaminant transport behavior within thematrix. This study explores heteroscedasticity in the hydrogeological characteristics of the fracture network andestimation of kinematic porosity from superficial fracture measurements. Estimates were based on the geometricalproperties of the fractures including: fracture frequency, aperture and orientation. The estimates wereadjusted for aperture changes with depth, connectivity of the fracture network, fracture continuity and measurementorientation bias. The results were compared with well archive data and correlations were found to besignificant with more than 95% confidence. Erratic behaviour of well data relative to fracture measurementsindicates that well orientation with respect to the fracture network gives incomplete hydrogeological data.Spatial heterogeneity of the bedrock was examined using spatial statistics and geographic information systems.The results from the spatial statistical analyses of well data showed that the heterogeneity within the bedrock issufficiently high that spatial correlations cease to exist in nearly all investigated rock types at distances greaterthan 500 m, and in some rocks, particularly sedimentary gneisses, no spatial correlations were observed.Arbitrarily grouped samples with similar geology and topography showed evidence of non-stationary variance.Results indicate that regional generalizations based on sparse point measurements are highly error prone andpotential exists in complementary field-based estimates.
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| 2. |
- Rasul, Hedi, et al.
(författare)
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Detecting Seasonal Flow Pathways in Road Structures Using Tracer Tests and ERT
- 2018
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Ingår i: Water, Air and Soil Pollution. - : Springer. - 0049-6979 .- 1573-2932. ; 229:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Roads and traffic can be a source of water-bound pollutants, which can percolate through the unsaturated zone to groundwater. Deicing salt is widely used on roads in northern Europe during winter and is usually applied at a time when the temperature is below zero and the soil is partly frozen. Understanding the mechanism by which water-bound pollutants such as deicing salt are transferred from roads to groundwater is highly important for groundwater protection, environmental sustainability and road maintenance. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) can be used for tracing the infiltration of deicing salt in different seasons, including the frozen period, as a step towards identifying pollutant infiltration pathways. In this study, a tracer-ERT monitoring method and analytical process was developed and evaluated for use in investigating and demonstrating deicing salt infiltration pathways in road structures in different seasons and weather conditions. The method involves using dissolved sodium chloride as a tracer and monitoring its infiltration using a multi-electrode array system. The tracer tests were performed at the same location in different seasons over a 1-year period. The results indicated high seasonal variation in percolation pattern and flow velocity, with large decreases in December (winter), most likely due to preferential flow paths within the road shoulder. These findings can be applied to other water-soluble pollutants that move from the road surface to groundwater.
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