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- Winning, Tracey, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence-based care and the curriculum
- 2008
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Ingår i: European journal of dental education. - : Wiley. - 1396-5883 .- 1600-0579. ; 12:Suppl 1, s. 48-63
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Forskningsöversikt (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An evidence-based (EB) approach has been a significant driver in reforming healthcare over the past two decades. This change has extended across a broad range of health professions, including oral healthcare. A key element in achieving an EB approach to oral healthcare is educating our practitioners, both current and future. This involves providing opportunities integrated within simulated and actual clinical settings for practitioners to learn and apply the principles and processes of evidence-based oral healthcare (EBOHC). Therefore, the focus of this discussion will be on ways in which EBOHC and associated research activities can be implemented into curricula, with the aim of improving patient care. This paper will initially define the scope of EBOHC and research, what these involve, why they are important, and issues that we need to manage when implementing EBOHC. This will be followed by a discussion of factors that enable successful implementation of EBOHC and research into curricula. The paper concludes with suggestions on the future of EBOHC and research in curricula. Key recommendations related to curricula include strengthening of the culture of a scientific approach to education and oral healthcare provision; complete integration of EBOHC into the curriculum at all levels; and faculty development to implement EBOHC based on their needs and evidence of effective approaches. Key recommendations to support implementation and maintenance of EBOHC include recognition and funding for high-quality systematic reviews and development of associated methodologies relevant for global environments; building global capacity of EBOHC researchers; research into improving translation of effective interventions into education and healthcare practice, including patient-reported outcomes, safety and harms, understanding and incorporation of patient values into EB decision-making, economic evaluation research specific to oral healthcare and effective methods for changing practitioner (faculty) behaviours; and extend access to synthesized research in 'user friendly' formats and languages tailored to meet users' needs. Realizing these recommendations may help to improve access to effective healthcare as a basic human right.
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| 2. |
- Dineva, Savka, et al.
(författare)
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Georgian Bay (Ontario) earthquake with magnitude m (sub N) 4.3 (October 20, 2005) and its foreshock-aftershock sequence; : tectonic implications
- 2006
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Ingår i: Seismological Research Letters. - 0895-0695 .- 1938-2057. ; 77:2, s. 294-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On October 20 2005 at 21:16 GMT, a magnitude mN 4.3 earthquake occurred in the southern part of Georgian Bay, approximately 12 km north of Thornbury, Ontario, Canada (latitude 44.67° N and longitude 80.46° W). This earthquake is the largest one in southern Ontario recorded by a local seismograph network and is of particular interest due to its location 90 km from a proposed long-term storage facility for high-level nuclear waste. The earthquake was felt along the southern shore of Georgian Bay with maximum intensity of IV MM. During the first 24 hours after the earthquake occurred, four portable ORION seismograph systems were installed to record possible aftershocks. The main shock on October 20 2005 was preceded by a foreshock 30 sec before it, and was followed by 5 aftershocks within 4-day period. All the epicenters of the foreshock and aftershocks were within 2.5 km from the epicenter of the main shock. The large amount of available data from the recently installed broad-band POLARIS seismograph stations, as well as the permanent CNSN stations and the temporary stations, gave us a unique opportunity to study the parameters of this event. The analysis of the foreshock-main shock-aftershock sequence indicated focal depths around 7 to 12 km. The focal mechanism calculated from the polarities of P-arrivals showed predominantly thrust mechanism of the main shock, with nodal planes oriented almost NW-SE. The focal mechanism is very similar to the predominant focal mechanism of the earthquakes in Western Quebec Seismic Zone but different from the predominant strike-slip focal mechanisms south of Lake Erie and the oblique slip mechanisms in western Lake Ontario. Aeromagnetic data reveal a prominent NW-SE structural fabric for the basement rocks beneath Georgian Bay, in good agreement with the orientation of the nodal planes. This structural fabric probably reflects mafic dykes (the Matachewan dyke swarm). The spectra of S-waves, recorded at 13 bedrock stations, were fitted with Brune’s model and used to calculate the seismic moment (3.6e+14 N.m), source radius (~ 400 m), stress drop (~ 20 bars), and moment magnitude (Mw 3.7). This seismic moment and calculated focal mechanism were used as initial approximation for seismic moment tensor inversion. The results of the inversion showed correspondence between the seismic moment and double-couple focal mechanism calculated from the moment tensor
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| 5. |
- Gao, X., et al.
(författare)
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Cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of tobacco-borne free fatty acids
- 2006
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Ingår i: Free Radical Biology & Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0891-5849 .- 1873-4596. ; 40:1, s. 165-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tobacco smoke contains substances capable of binding iron in an aqueous medium and transferring the metal into both organic solvents and intact mammalian red cells. This iron-binding activity is due to free fatty acids which are abundant in tobacco smoke and form 2:1 (free fatty acid:iron) chelates with ferrous iron. These earlier observations suggested that smoke-borne free fatty acids and the associated delocalization of iron within the lung might contribute to both the chronic pulmonary inflammation and the carcinogenesis associated with smoking. We now report that micromolar concentrations of iron or free fatty acid are not toxic to cultured human lung fibroblasts. However, when combined, the same low concentrations of iron and free fatty acid exert synergistic toxicity. Furthermore, the combination of free fatty acid and iron is highly mutagenic, inducing almost as many selectable mutations in the gene for hypoxanthine/guanine phosphoribosyl transferase as does benzo[a] pyrenediolepoxide, a class I carcinogen generated from benzo[a]pyrene present in cigarette smoke. The combination of free fatty acid and iron also promotes transformation of NIH 3T3 cells into an anchorage-independent phenotype. We conclude that free fatty acids in tobacco smoke may be important contributors to both the pulmonary damage and the carcinogenesis associated with smoking. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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