| 1. |
- Darvishi, Mehdi, et al.
(författare)
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InSAR-based Ground Motion Service of Sweden: evaluation and benefit analysis of a nationwide InSAR service
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Space-geodetic techniques such as Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and Syntenic Aperture Radar interferometry (InSAR) are powerful tools to measure and monitor ground surface motion. InSAR has widely been used for the detection and quantification of slow mass movements over the past three decades mainly at the local and regional scales. The high performance and millimeter-level measurement accuracy of radar satellite to provide a dense deformation map at different spatial and temporal resolutions are the key factors to think of using SAR data and InSAR technique as an efficient tool for geohazards motoring system at the nationwide scale.Sweden has recently joined to the countries having InSAR Ground Motion Service (GMS) at a nationwide scale. The InSAR service of Sweden, which will soon be freely available for users, provides the displacement time-series of measurement points for the entire country. The Swedish GMS project was started last year and is an ongoing collaboration between the Geological Survey of Norway (NGU) and several Swedish organizations (led by the Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA)). The InSAR-based GMS of Sweden has been generated by NGU using Sentinel-1 data (2015–2020) and the Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) technique. The web-based GMS of Sweden consists of ~1,5 billion time-series measurement points obtained from both descending and ascending satellite orbital modes.Currently, the Swedish GMS is under evaluation and validation phase and the given plan has been designed to assess the quality or validate the GMS products. We plan to conduct the data validation through two main phases: 1) a cross-comparison between InSAR measurement points and ancillary data such as GNSS, Corner Reflectors (CR), Electronic Corner Reflectors (ECR) and leveling data, and 2) assessment of tropospheric and ionospheric effects on InSAR measurement points. Specifically, we will evaluate different approaches and data for the InSAR tropospheric corrections, such as Very-Long-Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), Water Vapour Radiometry (WVR), and GNSS data at the Onsala Space Observatory (OSO).In the first phase of validation, leveling data collected in Gothenburg and Stockholm cities, mainly over the residential areas and public transport infrastructures compared to the corresponding InSAR measurements points (vertically converted) for a five-year period. The initial results present a high correlation between two sets of the vertical displacements. The same procedure will be performed for the Kiruna city where the mining activities resulted in adrastic urban land subsidence. Since the CRs and ECRs have recently been installed in different parts of Sweden, we do not have them as PS points in the current version of the GMS. Therefore, those CR-based measurement points will be used in future accuracy assessments. In the second phase, we investigated the effects of phase delay induced by troposphere on displacement time-series using two approaches, i.e., time-space filtering and using external data (e.g., atmospheric reanalysis data, GNSS, VLBI and Water Vapor Radiometer (WVR)). Recently, European GMS (EGMS) has been released and the Ortho displacement map is now available for users freely. We also evaluated and compared the EGMS-Ortho displacement map with our independent InSAR processing and GNSS data over the Kiruna.As the InSAR-based GMS can be used to monitor and identify the potential risk of geo-related hazards in Sweden, the society will directly benefit from the outcomes of this project. This open access product will help the stakeholders with decision support for prioritization of risk-reducing measures, and identification of the need for further investigations for areas in danger. The service could also assist municipalities and county administrative boards to have an update information regarding urban areas which are more prone to land subsidence and disruption urban infrastructure.
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| 2. |
- Eckerman, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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The Relationship Between Personality Traits and Muscle Injuries in Swedish Elite Male Football Players
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of sport rehabilitation. - : Human Kinetics. - 1056-6716 .- 1543-3072. ; 29:6, s. 783-788
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context:The physical and mental demands of an elite football player are complex, which may explain why injuries are commonin football. At elite level, muscle injuries of the lower-extremity are the most common among male football players, and theresearch hitherto is limited. Objective: To investigate whether personality traits affect the incidence of muscle injuries amongmale football players from the first league in Sweden. Design: Prospective cohort study. Participants: A male football team fromthe first league in Sweden was prospectively followed, in terms of muscle injuries of the lower-extremity during 8 seasons,between 2007 and 2015. Intervention: All muscle injuries included in this study were evaluated and diagnosed withultrasonography. Players from the team filled out the Swedish Universities Scales of Personality questionnaire. SwedishUniversities Scales of Personality questionnaire consists of 91 items and is divided into 13 categories. Main Outcome Measures:The raw values of each scale were linearly transformed to T scores, having a mean (SD) of 50 (10). All variables weresummarized with standard descriptive statistics, such as frequency, mean, and SD. As data were of interval scale and no variabledistribution was severely skewed, differences between noninjured players, rarely injured players, and frequently injured playerswere analyzed with 1-way analysis of variance with post hoc tests by Tukey honestly significant difference test. Results:No significant difference in personality traits were observed between noninjured players, rarely injured players, and frequentlyinjured players regarding number of muscle injuries (P > .05). However, a trend (P = .07) was seen, where frequently injuredplayers scored higher on stress susceptibility than rarely injured players. Conclusion: A player’s stress susceptibility should betaken into consideration by the player, coaches, and medical staff when assessing the risk of a muscle injury. Also, preventivemeasures available for these players may need to be considered.
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| 3. |
- Edman-Wallér, Jon, et al.
(författare)
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Clostridioides difficile outbreak detection: Evaluation by ribotyping and whole-genome sequencing of a surveillance algorithm based on ward-specific cutoffs
- 2023
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Ingår i: Infection control and hospital epidemiology. - 0899-823X. ; 44:12, s. 1948-1952
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective:We evaluated the performance of an early-warning algorithm, based on ward-specific incidence cutoffs for detecting Clostridioides difficile transmission in hospitals. We also sought to determine the frequency of intrahospital Clostridioides difficile transmission in our setting. Design:Diagnostic performance of the algorithm was tested with confirmed transmission events as the comparison criterion. Transmission events were identified by a combination of high-molecular-weight typing, ward history, ribotyping, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Setting:The study was conducted in 2 major and 2 minor secondary-care hospitals with adjacent catchment areas in western Sweden, comprising a total population of & SIM;480,000 and & SIM;1,000 hospital beds. Patients:All patients with a positive PCR test for Clostridioides difficile toxin B during 2020 and 2021. Methods:We conducted culturing and high-molecular-weight typing of all positive clinical samples. Ward history was determined for each patient to find possible epidemiological links between patients with the same type. Transmission events were determined by PCR ribotyping followed by WGS. Results:We identified 4 clusters comprising a total of 10 patients (1.5%) among 673 positive samples that were able to be cultured and then typed by high-molecular-weight typing. The early-warning algorithm performed no better than chance; patient diagnoses were made at wards other than those where the transmission events likely occurred. Conclusions:In surveillance of potential transmission, it is insufficient to consider only the ward where diagnosis is made, especially in settings with high strain diversity. Transmission within wards occurs sporadically in our setting.
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| 4. |
- Godhe, Manne, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability in Novel Field-Based Fitness Measurements and Postexercise Scores from a Physical Fitness Test Battery in Older Adults.
- 2024
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Ingår i: Gerontology. - : S. Karger. - 0304-324X .- 1423-0003. ; 70:6, s. 639-660
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Physical fitness is strongly associated with daily physical function, health, and longevity in older adults. Field-based tests may provide a reasonable alternative compared to advanced laboratory testing. Separating postexercise test scores from reactivity measurements requires sufficient test-retest reliability. Postexercise test scores with reliability analyses of field-based fitness tests in older adults are lacking. The present study aimed to examine the test-retest reliability of some novel easily accommodated fitness test measurements and compare pretest scores with postexercise results in these tests along with other field-based fitness tests in older adults.METHODS: Totally 1,407 community-dwelling older adults (69% female), x̄ = 71.5 ± 5.0 (65-84 years), performed twelve field-based fitness tests at pretest 1, pretest 2 and a posttest after an 8-week exercise period (twice weekly 1 h of combined strength and aerobic training). T tests, intra-class correlation, limits of agreement, standard error of measurement, and coefficient of variance were performed between pre-1 and pre-2 tests, and repeated measures ANOVA and partial eta squared effect size for postexercise differences for men and women in 5-year age groups ranging from 65 to 84 years.RESULTS: Between pre-1 and pre-2 tests a significant difference was noted in some of the novel fitness test measurements but generally not, e.g., in isometric trunk flexion and step-up height on either leg among all sex and age groups. In most of these novel fitness test measurements, no significant differences occurred between the two pretests. Examples of results from the pre-2 test to the posttest were isometric trunk flexion 45° endurance and isometric trunk extension endurance improved significantly for both sexes in age groups 65-74 years. Women, but not men, improved the maximal step-up height for both legs in most age groups. The speed in the 50 sit-to-stand improved significantly for most age groups in both sexes. Six-min walk distance improved significantly for most age groups in women but among men only in 65-69 years. In the timed-up-and-go test, significant improvements were seen for all age groups in women and in men 70-79 years. No postexercise improvements were generally observed for grip strength or balance.CONCLUSIONS: In most of the novel fitness test measures, no significant difference was noted between the two pretests in the assessed sex and age groups. Results after the 8-week exercise period varied between sex and age groups, with significant improvements in several of the twelve studied fitness tests. These findings may be valuable for future projects utilizing easily accommodated physical fitness tests in older adults.
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| 5. |
- Karp, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors for recurrent healthcare-facility associated Clostridioides difficile infection in a Swedish setting
- 2023
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Ingår i: Anaerobe. - 1075-9964. ; 81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The objectives were to determine the risk factors for recurrent healthcare facility-associated Clostridioides difficile infection (HCF-CDI) in a high CDI incidence, low antibiotic use setting and to determine if length of cefotaxime exposure is a risk factor for recurrent HCF-CDI.Methods: The risk factors for recurrent HCF-CDI were evaluated with a retrospective nested case control study based on chart reading. The risk factors were evaluated univariately and multivariately. Length of risk antibiotic exposure was evaluated further in a subanalysis.Results: Risk factors for recurrent HCF-CDI were renal insufficiency (25.4% of cases compared to 15.4% of controls p = 0.006) and metronidazole treatment of initial CDI episode (88.4% compared to 71.7% p = 0.01). Exposure to cefotaxime and risk for recurrent CDI showed a dose-dependent relationship (linear by linear p = 0.028).Conclusions: Renal insufficiency and metronidazole treatment were independent risk factors for recur-rent HCF-CDI in our setting. The relationship between cefotaxime exposure and risk for recurrent HCF-CDI, dose-dependent, could be evaluated further in a setting with high cefotaxime use.& COPY; 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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| 6. |
- Ljunggren, Joel, et al.
(författare)
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Antifungal efficiency of individual compounds and evaluation of non-linear effects by recombining fractionated turpentine
- 2020
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Ingår i: Microchemical journal (Print). - : Elsevier BV. - 0026-265X .- 1095-9149. ; 153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A combination between a reductive and a holistic assay was employed to investigate whole fraction, synergistic, antagonistic and individual compound efficacy of vacuumdistilled turpentine fractions against the economically important brown-rot fungus Coniophora puteana. The fungus was subjected to recombinations of turpentine fractions at a concentration of 1000 ppm. All combinations exhibited useful antifungal properties, but some antifungal mixtures showed a more pronounced effect than the expected level of inhibition. Synergistic effects by a two-fold factor and minor antagonistic effects were observed. Complete growth inhibition of C. puteana was observed by a fraction obtained after distilling 1 L turpentine at 111–177°C (0.5 mbar) as well as by mixing it with another fraction withdrawn at 70–79°C (0.5 mbar). Chemical compositions of distilled fractions were determined through GC–MS analysis and Orthogonal Partial Least Squares (OPLS) multivariate data analysis of GC–MS chromatograms was employed to zoom in on the most active compounds responsible for antifungal activity. Isomers of epicubenol, the hydrocarbon aromatic compound ar-himachalene and α-cadinol are suggested as effective antifungal compounds. In addition, a subsequent fractionation of the most effective fraction was performed with preparatory gas chromatography and subfractions showed similar or better efficacy than previously observed. Our work demonstrates the possibility to retain adequate synergistic antifungal efficiency and offers an opportunity to explore the effects of individual compounds originating from the same crude sample.
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| 7. |
- Ljunggren, Joel, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of fractionally distilled Picea abies TMP-turpentine on wood-decaying fungi : in vitro, microcosm and field experiments
- 2020
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Ingår i: Wood Science and Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0043-7719 .- 1432-5225. ; 54, s. 847-868
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Synthetic and heavy metal antifungals are frequently used as wood preservatives. However, they exhibit relatively inert biodegradation and toxic properties when leached; this makes their replacement with environmentally degradable yet functional alternatives a key target in the wood protection industry. In this context, distilled fractions of raw thermomechanical pulp turpentine (TMP-T) from Picea abies were assessed for their wood protecting capabilities against wood-decaying fungi. Antifungal bioactivity of fractions and some of their combinations were screened on agar-plates against the brown-rot fungus Coniophora puteana. Addition of TMP-T fractions showed a significant fungal growth rate reduction, while mixtures indicated the presence of synergistic and antagonistic effects. One fraction, obtained after distilling 1 L TMP-T at 111–177 °C at 0.5 mbar, showed complete growth inhibition of Antrodia sinuosa, Serpula lacrymans, Serpula himantioides and significant inhibition of Antrodia serialis, Antrodia xantha, Gloeophyllum sepiarium, Heterobasidion parviporum at a concentration of 1000 ppm. This fraction was further examined for long- and medium-term effects on wood decay in microcosm soil-jar and field experiment, respectively. The known antifungal compounds benzisothiazolinone, 2-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 3-iodo-2-propynyl N-butylcarbamate and two commercial wood preservatives were used as reference treatments. Commercial preservatives instilled long-term efficacy against C. puteana wood decay in a soil-jar microcosm experiment, but no noticeable protection with antifungal compounds or the present treatments was found. However, a moderate effect by the TMP-T fraction from the in vitro assay was observed and the TMP-turpentine distillation residue showed a similar fungal inhibition effect to the most potent commercial treatment after 29 months in the field.
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| 8. |
- Sandström, Jennie, et al.
(författare)
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Rocky pine forests in the High Coast Region in Sweden: structure, dynamics and history
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Conservation. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 1314-6947 .- 1314-3301. ; 38, s. 101-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Almost all forests in Sweden are managed and only a small fraction are considered natural. One exception is low productive forests where, due to their limited economical value, natural dynamics still dominate. One example is the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests occurring on rocky and nutrient-poor hilltops. Although these forests represent a regionally common forest type with a high degree of naturalness, their dynamics, structure and history are poorly known. We investigated the structure, human impact and fire history in eight rocky pine forests in the High Coast Area in eastern Sweden, initially identified as good representatives of this forest type. This was done by sampling and measuring tree sizes, -ages, fire-scarred trees, as well as dead wood volumes and quality along three transects at each site. The structure was diverse with a sparse layer of trees (basal area 9 m(2) and 640 trees larger than 10 cm ha(-1)) in various sizes and ages; 13 trees ha(-1) were more than 300 years old. Dead wood (DW), snags and logs in all stages of decay, was present and although the actual DW (pine) volume (4.4 m(3) ha(-1)) and number of units (53 ha(-1)) was low, the DW share of total wood volume was 18% on average. Dead wood can be present for several centuries after death; we found examples of both snags and logs that had been dead more than 300 years. Frequent fires have occurred, with an average cycle of 40 years between fires. Most fires occurred between 1500-1900 and many of them (13) during the 1600s. However, fires were probably small since most fire years were only represented at one site and often only in one or a few samples. The rocky pine forests in the High Coast Area are representative of undisturbed forests with low human impact, exhibiting old-growth characteristics and are valuable habitats for organisms connected to sun-exposed DW. Management of protected rocky pine forests may well include small-scale restoration fires and the limited DW volumes should he protected.
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| 9. |
- Stenmark, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Resource utilization in mental illness–evaluation of an instrument for measuring direct costs of treatment for patients with severe mental illness (SMI)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 77:2, s. 172-178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Serious mental illnesses (SMIs) exert a considerable financial burden on health-care systems. In this study, the resource utilization in mental illness (RUMI) tool was developed and employed to evaluate resource utilization in patients with SMI. Materials and methods: Data from 107 patients with SMI treated in four psychiatric outpatient clinics in Sweden were collected. The relationships between costs for physical and psychiatric care, social services, and the justice system, to self-reported health and quality of life, educational level, Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), the Clinical Global Impressions scale score (CGI), and body mass index (BMI) were studied. Results: Sixteen out of 107 patients accounted for 74% of the total costs. The mean and median cost for 6 months included in the survey for social services, family and social welfare and healthcare, psychiatric and physical treatment interventions, mean 8349 EUR, median 2599 EUR per patient (currency value for 2021). Education and psychosocial function (GAF) were both negatively correlated with costs for the social services (education, r=–0.207, p < 0.014; GAF, r=–0.258, p < 0.001). CGI was correlated with costs for physical and psychiatric healthcare (r = 0.161, p < 0.027), social services support (r = 0.245, p = 0.002) and total cost (r = 0.198, p = 0.007). BMI correlated with costs for psychiatric and physical health settings interventions (r = 0.155, p < 0.019) and for somatic and psychiatric medicines (r = 0.154, p < 0.019). Conclusion: The RUMI scale was acceptable and enabled estimation of resource utilization in a comparable manner across different care settings. Such comparable data have potential to provide a basis for budgeting and resource allocation.
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| 10. |
- Undin, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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To what extent does surrounding landscape explain stand-level occurrence of conservation-relevant species in fragmented boreal and hemi-boreal forest?–a systematic review protocol
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environmental Evidence. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2047-2382. ; 11:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Silviculture and land-use change has reduced the amount of natural forest worldwide and left what remains confined to isolated fragments or stands. To understand processes governing species occurrence in such stands, much attention has been given to stand-level factors such as size, structure, and deadwood amount. However, the surrounding matrix will directly impact species dispersal and persistence, and the link between the surrounding landscape configuration, composition and history, and stand-level species occurrence has received insufficient attention. Thus, to facilitate optimisation of forest management and species conservation, we propose a review addressing ‘To what extent does surrounding landscape explain stand-level occurrence of conservation-relevant species in fragmented boreal and hemi-boreal forest?’. Methods: The proposed systematic review will identify and synthesise relevant articles following the CEE guidelines for evidence synthesis and the ROSES standards. A search for peer-reviewed and grey literature will be conducted using four databases, two online search engines, and 36 specialist websites. Identified articles will be screened for eligibility in a two-step process; first on title and abstract, and second on the full text. Screening will be based on predefined eligibility criteria related to a PECO-model; population being boreal and hemi-boreal forest, exposure being fragmentation, comparator being landscapes with alternative composition, configuration, or history, and outcome being occurrence (i.e., presence and/or abundance) of conservation-relevant species. All articles that pass the full-text screening will go through study validity assessment and data extraction, and be part of a narrative review. If enough studies prove comparable, quantitative meta-analyses will also be performed. The objective of the narrative review and the meta-analyses will be to address the primary question as well as six secondary questions, and to identify important knowledge gaps.
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