| 1. |
- Sollerhed, Ann-Christin, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Physical benefits of expanded physical education in primary school : findings from a 3-year intervention study in Sweden
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 18:1, s. 102-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to assess whether a school-based program with expanded physical education lessons was effective in increasing children's physical capacity and in preventing excessive weight gain in children. The study performed in 2000-2003 comprised 132 children, 73 boys and 59 girls at baseline 6-9 years and in follow-up 9-12 years, attending two different schools with a similar size, appearance and structure in a rural area. The norm school (N-school) followed the stipulated curricular time, one to two physical education lessons a week, while the intervention school (I-school) increased it to four lessons. More positive changes in physical index (the sum of the age-standardized results in 11 physical tests) were found among children in the I-school than in the N-school. The number of children who increased body mass index (BMI) increased in both schools, but a lower increase in BMI could be seen in the I-school. Expanded physical education lessons could increase physical status among both overweight and normal-weight children, in particular aerobic fitness. The weekly dose of physical activity must be higher than 40 min a day and must start earlier in children's life to be more effective in combating BMI increase.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, H. Ingemar, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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Folkhälsovetenskap : perspektiv och framtid
- 2009
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Ingår i: Folkhälsa som tvärvetenskap. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144040097 ; , s. 367-375
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Andersson, H. Ingemar, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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Salutogenetic and pathogenetic factors of equal importance to predict mortality in a Swedish general population
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health, 18(Suppl. 1). ; , s. 193-194
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Social support and physical exercise seem to be salutogenetic factors of importance for longterm survival to balance traditional risk factors such as smoking and defined diseases. The results support health promotion initiatives focused on salutogenetic factors and not only prevention in relation to traditional risk factors and diseases.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Axelsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Inequalities of quality of life in unemployed young adults : a population-based questionnaire study
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal for Equity in Health. - 1475-9276 .- 1475-9276. ; 6, s. 1-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It is well known that unemployment is a great problem both to the exposed individual and to the whole society. Unemployment is reported as more common among young people compared to the general level of unemployment. Inequity in health status and lifesatisfaction is related to unemployment. The purpose of this population-based study was to describe QOL among unemployed young people compared to those who are not unemployed, and to analyse variables related to QOL for the respective groups.Methods: The sample consisted of 264 young unemployed individuals and 528 working or studying individuals as a reference group. They all received a questionnaire about civil status, educational level, immigration, employment status, self-reported health, self-esteem, social support, social network, spare time, dwelling, economy and personal characteristics. The response rate was 72%. The significance of differences between proportions was tested by Fisher's exact test or by χ2 test. Multivariate analysis was carried out by means of a logistic regression model.Results: Our results balance the predominant picture of youth unemployment as a principally negative experience. Although the unemployed reported lower levels of QOL than the reference group, a majority of unemployed young adults reported good QOL, and 24% even experienced higher QOL after being unemployed. Positive QOL related not only to good health, but also to high self-esteem, satisfaction with spare time and broad latitude for decision-making.Conclusion: Even if QOL is good among a majority of unemployed young adults, inequalities in QOL were demonstrated. To create more equity in health, individuals who report reduced subjective health, especially anxiety need extra attention and support. Efforts should aim at empowering unemployed young adults by identifying their concerns and resources, and by creating individual programmes in relation not only to education and work, but also to personal development.
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| 6. |
- Axelsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Work ethics and general work attitudes in adolescents are related to quality of life, sense of coherence and subjective health : a Swedish questionnaire study
- 2005
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - 1471-2458 .- 1471-2458. ; 5, s. 103-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Working life is an important arena in most people's lives, and the working line concept is important for the development of welfare in a society. For young people, the period before permanent establishment in working life has become longer during the last two decades. Knowledge about attitudes towards work can help us to understand young people's transition to the labour market. Adolescents are the future workforce, so it seems especially important to notice their attitudes towards work, including attitudes towards the welfare system. The aim of this study was to describe and analyse upper secondary school students' work attitudes, and to explore factors related to these attitudes. METHODS: The sample consisted of 606 upper secondary school students. They all received a questionnaire including questions about quality of life (QOL), sense of coherence (SOC), subjective health and attitudes towards work. The response rate was 91%. A factor analysis established two dimensions of work attitudes. Multivariate analyses were carried out by means of logistic regression models. RESULTS: Work ethics (WE) and general work attitudes (GWA) were found to be two separate dimensions of attitudes towards work. Concerning WE the picture was similar regardless of gender or study programme. Males in theoretical programmes appeared to have more unfavourable GWA than others. Multivariate analyses revealed that good QOL, high SOC and good health were significantly related to positive WE, and high SOC was positively related to GWA. Being female was positively connected to WE and GWA, while studying on a practical programme was positively related to GWA only. Among those who received good parental support, GWA seemed more favourable. CONCLUSION: Assuming that attitudes towards work are important to the working line concept, this study points out positive factors of importance for the future welfare of the society. Individual factors such as female gender, good QOL, high SOC and good health as well as support from both parents, positive experience of school and work contacts related positively to attitudes towards work. Further planning and supportive work have to take these factors into account.
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| 7. |
- Bringsén, Åsa, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Development and quality analysis of the Salutogenic Health Indicator Scale (SHIS)
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 37:1, s. 13-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Current health measurement instruments tend to measureaspects of ill-health rather than health in general. There isa need for a salutogenic perspective when describing healthand developing a health measurement instrument. The aim of thisarticle is to present the development process and quality assessmentof a salutogenic health indicator scale. Methods: A descriptionof health, emanating from the concept of health, positive healthand well-being, was used as a basis for the construction ofthe scale. The scale is a semantic differential consisting of12 indicator items covering nine heath-related dimensions. Aprincipal component analysis was performed, and three healthindicator indexes were constructed. Correlation with self-ratedhealth questions was investigated, weighted kappa values werecalculated, and Cronbach's alpha (CA) was used to check internalconsistency. Results: The analysis resulted in a two-factormodel, and the indexes were named intrapersonal characteristics(CA= 0.90) and interactive function (CA= 0.84), summarised intohealth complete (CA= 0.92). Kappa values ranged from 0.44 to0.67, and correlations with self-rated health status were strongerthan those with self-rated sick-leave. Conclusions: Our healthdescription was characterized by complexity, but the instrumentis a short salutogenic health indicator scale. The shortnessincreases the usability. The instrument seems to be able tooffset the current problem of there being a lack of salutogenichealth measurement instruments. The results indicate that furthertesting is justified.
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| 8. |
- Bringsén, Åsa, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Health care staff's opinions about an individually controlled and flexible working time arrangement
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionIn the health care sector shift work is common and a variety of flexible working hour arrangements have been implemented and evaluated. High variability of working hours is repeatedly being related to ill health, especially if the variability is company controlled. In order to minimize the harmful effects on health and psychosocial wellbeing individually controlled flexible working time arrangements have been put into practice. AimThe aim of this study was to explore health care staff’s opinions about their individually controlled and flexible working time arrangement. MethodsEight focus group interviews were conducted, between November 2002 and February 2003, at a medical emergency ward in a medium sized Swedish hospital. Sixteen nurses and 19 assistant nurses where mixed in the eight groups. The interviews aimed at being unstructured and the main question emanated from the aim of the study. The analysis was influenced by qualitative content analysis. Five interviews were chosen through a condensation process and these interviews were transcribed verbatim by an external secretary. ResultsTwo patterns of employees’ opinions were revealed. Some of the participants expressed a positive attitude towards their individually controlled and flexible working time arrangement. They enjoyed the possibility to adjust their working schedule to their family situation and leisure activities. The positive ones were also talking about a health promoting possibility for reflection and learning, emanating from frequently working with different co workers, as a result of the flexibility. These participants emphasised an importance of everyone taking part in the planning process and taking turns in adjusting their schedule after the needs of the establishment. Other participants linked the individually controlled and flexible working time arrangement to a negative experience. They talked about a time consuming planning process resulting in less predictable working hours. These participants wanted to have a permanent schedule so that they could adjust their private life after their working hours. The negative ones wanted work to be characterised by predictability and efficiency. They linked this type of work to knowing their co workers well, so that they knew what the other ones were doing without having to communicate while working. The latter group of participants were reluctant to adjusting their schedule after the needs of the establishment. ConclusionsIt seems as if an individually controlled and flexible working time arrangement can result in either positive or negative experiences. Negative feelings form the base for psychological and biological processes that might have a negative impact on health. It is therefore important to reflect on how we implement and organise individually controlled and flexible working time arrangements for employees to have positive experiences with opportunities for sustained or improved health.
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| 9. |
- Bringsén, Åsa, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Hälsorelaterade upplevelser av arbetet på en medicinsk vårdavdelning : resultat från en fokusgruppsstudie med sjukvårdspersonal
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- ProblembeskrivningAbetsplatser inom sjukvården i Sverige har genomgått många förändringar. De har skett under en period som också präglats av besparings- och rationaliseringsåtgärder. För de anställda karaktäriseras arbetslivet av höga krav, begränsade möjligheter till kontroll, oklart ledarskap, konstanta förändringskrav utan deltagande och en stor mängd sociala relationer och ansvarsområden. Ledarskapet ger inte alltid tillräckligt stöd åt de anställda och rapporteringen av stressymtom ökar. Traditionellt har folkhälsorelaterad arbetslivsforskning i huvudsak fokuserat på problem och orsaker till ohälsa, medan studier av arbetsplatsrelaterade hälsofaktorer utifrån ett salutogent perspektiv inte varit lika ofta förekommande.Hälsan bland de anställda inom vård och omsorg behöver förbättras och verksamheten behöver göras mer attraktiv för den yngre arbetskraften. Utformningen av strategier för ett framgångsrikt hälsofrämjande arbete har beskrivits som en möjlig insats med positiv påverkan på personalens arbetsförhållanden och hälsa.Mot bakgrund av ovanstående skulle studier om hälsofrämjande arbete på arbetsplatser inom sjukvården vara till stor nytta. Ett hälsorelaterat projekt startades därför 2002 vid en vårdavdelning på ett medelstort sjukhus i södra Sverige. Som del i detta projekt ingick en fokusgruppsstudie med intervjuer av sjukvårdspersonalen som arbetade på avdelningen.SyfteSyftet med fokusgruppsstudien var att undersöka sjukvårdspersonalens upplevelse av sin arbetssituation i relation till deras uppfattningar om en hälsofrämjande arbetsplats.MetodÅtta fokusgruppsintervjuer genomfördes mellan november 2002 och februari 2003. Huvudfrågorna utgick från syftet och moderatorns roll var i huvudsak att stimulera kommunikationen genom att ställa följdfrågor och be om förtydliganden. Tanken var att intervjuerna skulle vara ostrukturerade, så att deltagarnas upplevelser och uppfattningar kunde utvecklas med så lite styrning från moderatorn som möjligt. All sjukvårdspersonal erbjöds att delta i studien och av 39 anställda valde 35 att delta. I grupperna blandades 16 sjuksköterskor och 19 undersköterskor, med fyra till fem deltagare i varje grupp. Intervjuerna spelades in på band, lyssnades igenom och fem intervjuer valdes ut och skrevs ut ordagrant. Dessa fem intervjuer ansågs vara representativa för materialet som helhet då innehållet i de övriga tre intervjuerna också fanns representerat i dessa fem. Analysen genomfördes av moderatorn och inspirerades av beskrivningen om kvalitativ innehållsanalys. ResultatResultatet visade att deltagarna hade både positiva och negativa hälsorelaterade upplevelser av sin arbetsplats. De negativa upplevelserna kopplades i huvudsak ihop med fysisk arbetsmiljö och organisatoriska faktorer, som till exempel den övergripande organiseringen av arbetet på avdelningen, fördelning av arbetsuppgifter, hög arbetsbelastning, dåligt fungerande rutiner, organisering av arbetstider, ledarskapet och genomförandet av förändringsarbete eller omorganisering. När det gällde de positiva hälsorelaterade upplevelserna så dominerade istället psykosociala faktorer som kunde kopplas till antingen arbetskamrater, patienter eller individuella faktorer. Kontakten med arbetskamrater och patienter ansågs fungera som ett hälsofrämjande socialt, emotionellt och instrumentellt stöd, som bidrog till att gör arbetet hanterbart. Skillnaden mellan faktorer som ansågs vara hälsofrämjande respektive ohälsoframkallande var inte helt tydlig. En del faktorer kunde ha både en positiv och en negativ påverkan på deltagarnas hälsa eftersom vissa deltagare hade olika uppfattningar om vad som var hälsofrämjande. Som ett exempel kan nämnas att vissa ansåg att en arbetssituation som karaktäriserades av stabilitet och förutsägbarhet var hälsofrämjande medan andra istället förespråkade en flexibel och variationsrik arbetssituation.SlutsatsResultatet överensstämmer till stor del med tidigare teoribildning men den individuella variabiliteten var dock stor. Då de positiva hälsorelaterade upplevelserna i huvudsak relaterades till psykosociala faktorer, är det svårt att beskriva hälsofrämjande faktorer utifrån struktur och organisation.
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| 10. |
- Bringsén, Åsa, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Success factors for visual artists functioning as health promoters at a workplace : results from a Swedish case study
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionThe interest in relations between arts and workplace related health has increased. The focus has mostly been on the work of arts and health from a disease perspective and to the best of our knowledge the research focusing on relation between the artists and workplace related health from a salutogenic perspective is rare. In 2007 a project called the Contemporary Artists in Contemporary Society (CACS) Scania project was implemented and evaluated. The project consisted of twelve visual artists being positioned at eight workplaces on half time for a period of six months. The idea of the project was that unprejudiced meetings between the artists and the staff could result in workplace related health promoting processes. This study will try to unravel some of the mystery of how artists’ presence can result in workplace related promotion of health. AimThe aim was to identify success factors for visual artists functioning as health promoters at a workplace. ProcedureThe search for success criterion started with going through the project descriptions and the evaluation reports from the CACS Scania project. This exposition led to the selection of one project that was considered a particularly successful case. Two artists had been placed at the office for management of regional development in Scania. The employees consisted mainly of civil servants and administrators. The evaluation material belonging to this particular project was studied, searching for possible explanations to the success of the project. The material consisted of digital recordings from a focus group interview with five of the participating staff, an interview with the manager, an interview with the two artists as well as stories written by the two artists throughout the project and finally the project description as well as the folder that the two artists produced as a summary of the project. The analysis of the material was influenced by qualitative content analysis and three categories of success factors were found. ResultsThe experience of the participating staffThe result showed that the staff mainly had had positive project related experiences. The staffs’ experiences could be linked to the salutogenic factors comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness. The various project related activities were found to be meaningful and the different activities were considered a pleasant reflective break from an everyday routine based and hectic practice. Some of the staff reported having problems managing the openness and indistinctiveness of the project, but the frequent communication with the artists, as well as support from the manager made the indistinctiveness manageable. The presence of the artists and the different project related activities were often found to be amusing, with adherent facilitation of wellbeing among the staff. At other occasions the presence of the artists could be considered disturbing. The artists brought new perspectives into the workplace that sometimes challenged the staffs’ customary way of thinking and acting, opening up possibilities for creativity and reflective processes of work related learning. It seemed as if the positive health related experiences of the staff relied on communication and mutual construction of intellectual fellowship and project related meaning (intersubjectivity). A framework for the work of the artistsFour criteria were considered a useful framework for a description of the artists successful work at the workplace. 1. Presence - The artists were often present at the workplace. 2. Inspiration – The artists were inspired by the workplace. 3. Activity - The artists were constantly presenting things and activated the staff through out the project 4. Communication – The artists communicated with the staff during the development, implementation and completion process of the project. Organisational climateIt seemed as if the organisational climate was suitable for using artists as health promoters. The staff and the manager were for instance describing them as willing to try new and innovative strategies for the development of their work in general and their work related health in particular. ConclusionTo conclude there is a health promoting potential when involving artists as health promoters at a workplace. For this potential to be realised we found three categories of success factors. The experience of the participating staff were considered important since positive experiences, with adherent positive feelings, form the base for psychological and biological processes that generally have a positive impact on health. These experiences are on the other hand dependent on other facilitating factors, that here can be linked to for instance the artists as well as the organisational climate.
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